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Measures to remove potassium from the body include diuretics such as furosemide, potassium-binders such as polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate, and hemodialysis. [1] Hemodialysis is the most effective method. [3] Hyperkalemia is rare among those who are otherwise healthy. [6]
Several approaches are used to treat hyperkalemia. [12] Other approved potassium binders in the United States include patiromer and sodium polystyrene sulfonate. [13] Hyperkalemia, particularly if severe, is a marker for an increased risk of death. [14] However, there is disagreement regarding whether a modestly elevated levels directly causes ...
Potassium binders are medications that bind potassium ions in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby preventing its intestinal absorption. This category formerly consisted solely of polystyrene sulfonate, a polyanionic resin attached to a cation, administered either orally or by retention enema to patients who are at risk of developing hyperkalaemia (abnormal high serum potassium levels).
Polystyrene sulfonate is usually supplied in either the sodium or calcium form. It is used as a potassium binder in acute and chronic kidney disease for people with hyperkalemia (an abnormally high blood serum potassium level). [ 3 ]
A common group of medication that utilizes a combination of polystyrene and sulfonate functional groups are polystyrene sulfonates. [3] This medication is primarily used to treat hyperkalemia, a condition that results from an increased blood potassium level. [3] FDA approved equivalents of polystyrene sulfonates are KIONEX, KALEXATE, and SPS ...
Mild hyperkalemia without symptoms can be treated with a loop diuretic and sodium polystyrene sulfonate, while a temporizing agent such as rapid acting insulin (in conjunction with glucose) and an agent to stabilize cardiac membranes such as calcium carbonate may be given in cases of severe hyperkalemia. [18]
For example, a 1-cup serving of a low-sodium vegetable soup contains 549 milligrams of potassium (12% of the Daily Value). Related: What Happens to Your Body When You Eat Potassium.
Patiromer was generally well tolerated in studies. Side effects that occurred in more than 2% of patients included in clinical trials were mainly gastro-intestinal problems such as constipation, diarrhea, nausea, and flatulence, and also hypomagnesemia (low levels of magnesium in the blood) in 5% of patients, because patiromer binds magnesium in the gut as well.
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