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FHA can have long and short term consequences in a patient's reproductive development and fertility. Anovulation and amenorrhea is the characteristic feature of FHA. [3] If hypoestrogenism and impaired HPO axis occurs during puberty, primary amenorrhea occurs. [4] If the impairment occurs after puberty, secondary amenorrhea occurs, which is ...
Sheehan's syndrome, also known as postpartum pituitary gland necrosis, occurs when the pituitary gland is damaged due to significant blood loss and hypovolemic shock (ischemic necrosis) or stroke, originally described during or after childbirth leading to decreased functioning of the pituitary gland (hypopituitarism). [1]
Emergency contraception (EC) is a birth control measure, used after sexual intercourse to prevent pregnancy.. There are different forms of EC. Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs), sometimes simply referred to as emergency contraceptives (ECs), or the morning-after pill, are medications intended to disrupt or delay ovulation or fertilization, which are necessary for pregnancy.
FHA accounts for around 10–15% of all cases of anovulation. Weight loss or anorexia can lead to FHA by causing a hormonal imbalance, leading to irregular ovulation (dysovulation). It is possible that this mechanism evolved to protect the mother's health. A pregnancy where the mother is weak could pose a risk to the baby's and mother's health.
Amenorrhea itself is not necessarily an indicator of infecundity, as the return of ovarian cycling is a gradual process and full fecundity may occur before or after first postpartum menses. Additionally, spotting or the appearance of first postpartum menses can be a result of either lochia or estrogen withdrawal and not actual ovulation. [4]
Drugs are often given to induce ovulation, including oral medication such as clomiphene or injectable medications. In patients who do not want to get pregnant anovulation can be managed with the use of cyclic progesterone or progestin supplementation or use of hormonal contraception .
Ovulation is an important part of the menstrual cycle in female vertebrates where the egg cells are released from the ovaries as part of the ovarian cycle. In female humans ovulation typically occurs near the midpoint in the menstrual cycle and after the follicular phase. Ovulation is stimulated by an increase in luteinizing hormone (LH).
Sometimes it can be a combination of factors, and sometimes a clear cause is never established. Common causes of infertility of females include: ovulation problems (e.g. PCOS, the leading reason why women present to fertility clinics due to anovulatory infertility [71]) tubal blockage; pelvic inflammatory disease caused by infections like ...