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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. [1] Signs and symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, deep gasping breathing, increased urination, weakness, confusion and occasionally loss of consciousness. [1] A person's breath may develop a specific "fruity" or acetone smell. [1]
[3] [4] The guidelines have been widely used across the UK and helped reduce variations by standardising approach to inpatient diabetes care. [1] Hypoglycaemia [5] Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) in Adults [6] Hyperosmolar hyperglycemia state (HHS) in adults with diabetes [7] Glycaemic control in people with cancer [8] Diabetes at the front door [9]
DKA often has serum glucose level greater than 300 mg/dL (HHS is >600 mg/dL). [6] DKA usually occurs in type 1 diabetics whereas HHS is more common in type 2 diabetics. [6] DKA is characterized by a rapid onset, and HHS occurs gradually over a few days. [6] DKA also is characterized by ketosis due to the breakdown of fat for energy. [6]
In Subsaharan Africa, diabetes patients face social stigma from family and community members from diabetes and diabetes-related self-management requirements which prevent diabetes-related self-care. [28] A study found that when there is diabetes that runs in the family, it becomes a family affair and participants normalise and downplay the ...
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the life-threatening severe complications of diabetes that demands immediate attention and intervention. [7] It is considered a medical emergency and can affect both patients with T1D (type 1 diabetes) and T2D (type 2 diabetes), but it is more common in T1D. [8]
The main goal of diabetes management is to keep blood glucose (BG) levels as normal as possible. [1] If diabetes is not well controlled, further challenges to health may occur. [1] People with diabetes can measure blood sugar by various methods, such as with a BG meter or a continuous glucose monitor, which monitors over several days. [2]
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The same principle is used in test strips that have been commercialized for the detection of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). These test strips use a beta-hydroxybutyrate-dehydrogenase enzyme instead of a glucose oxidizing enzyme and have been used to detect and help treat some of the complications that can result from prolonged hyperglycemia. [34]