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Differences in the highly immunogenic LPS structure account for the numerous serovars of Leptospira. [18] Consequently, immunity is serovar specific; current leptospiral vaccines, which consist of one or several serovars of Leptospira endemic in the population to be immunized, protect only against the serovars contained in the vaccine preparation.
Leptospira interrogans is a species of obligate aerobic spirochaete bacteria shaped like a corkscrew with hooked and spiral ends. [1] L. interrogans is mainly found in warmer tropical regions. The bacteria can live for weeks to months in the ground or water. [ 2 ]
Leptospira require high humidity for survival but can remain alive in environments such as stagnant water or contaminated soil. The bacterium can be killed by temperatures of 50 °C (122 °F) and can be inactivated by 70% ethanol, 1% sodium hypochlorite, formaldehyde, detergents and acids. [28] Leptospira are also classified based on their serovar.
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"Further determination of DNA relatedness between serogroups and serovars in the family Leptospiraceae with a proposal for Leptospira alexanderi sp. nov. and four new Leptospira genomospecies". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 49 (2): 839–58. doi: 10.1099/00207713-49-2-839. PMID 10319510
A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals. These microorganisms , viruses, or cells are classified together based on their shared reactivity between their surface antigens and a particular antiserum , allowing the classification of organisms to a level ...
The Leptospiral culture collection consists of over 300 different types of Leptospira cultures and is one of only several collections of its kind in the world. [1] The work of the laboratory supports the fight against the disease by providing analysis and diagnostic support to public and private pathology providers, both nationally and internationally.
Conjunctival suffusion is an eye finding occurring early in leptospirosis, which is caused by Leptospira interrogans.Conjunctival suffusion is characterized by redness of the conjunctiva that resembles conjunctivitis, but it does not involve inflammatory exudates. [1]