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Sleep is known to play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of bipolar disorder. [1] Patients with bipolar disorder often have a less stable and more variable circadian activity. [2] Circadian activity disruption can be apparent even if the person concerned is not currently ill. [3] [4]
Low scores of 5 and below indicate a very low risk of a bipolar diagnosis. High scores of 18 and over indicate a high risk of a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, increasing the likelihood by a factor of seven or greater. [26] [5] Several peer-reviewed research studies support the P-GBI as a reliable and valid measure of bipolar in children and ...
The Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS) is a psychiatric self-rating scale created by Ronald Pies in screening for bipolar disorder (BD). [1] Its initial version consists of a descriptive narrative aimed to capture the nuances and milder variants of BD. [ 2 ]
Changes in daily routines place stress on the body's maintenance of sleep-wake cycles, appetite, energy, and alertness, [8] all of which are affected during mood episodes. For example, depressive symptoms include disturbed sleep patterns (sleeping too much or difficulty falling asleep), changes in appetite, fatigue, and slowed movement or ...
The most common sleep-related symptom of bipolar disorder is insomnia, in addition to hypersomnia, nightmares, poor sleep quality, OSA, extreme daytime sleepiness, etc. [27] Moreover, animal models have shown that sleep debt can induce episodes of bipolar mania in laboratory mice, but these models are still limited in their potential to explain ...
Bipolar disorder is difficult to diagnose. [2] If a person displays some symptoms of bipolar disorder but not others, the clinician may diagnose bipolar NOS. The diagnosis of bipolar NOS is indicated when there is a rapid change (days) between manic and depressive symptoms and can also include recurring episodes of hypomania. Bipolar NOS may be ...
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Sleep specialists measure the patient's sleep onset and offset, dim light melatonin onset, and evaluate Horne-Ostberg morningness-eveningness questionnaire results. Sleep specialists may also conduct a polysomnography test to rule out other sleep disorders like narcolepsy. Age and family history of the patient is also taken into consideration. [2]
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