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Carmine (/ ˈ k ɑːr m ə n, ˈ k ɑːr m aɪ n /) – also called cochineal (when it is extracted from the cochineal insect), cochineal extract, crimson lake, or carmine lake – is a pigment of a bright-red color obtained from the aluminium complex derived from carminic acid. [2] Specific code names for the pigment include natural red 4, C.I ...
Castor oil and its derivatives are found in many cosmetics as it is "non-comedogenic" (does not exacerbate or contribute to acne). [3]Cerebrosides (cells from the nervous systems of cattle or swine) were once used in some high-end skin-care products to increase moisture retention and to create a smooth skin surface, [4] however the BSE controversy has put an end to this practice.
The word cochineal is derived from the French cochenille, derived from Spanish cochinilla, in turn derived from Latin coccinus, from Greek κόκκινος kokkinos, "scarlet" from κόκκος kokkos (Latin equivalent coccum) referring in this case either to the oak berry (actually the insects of the genus Kermes) or to a red dye made from the crushed bodies thereof.
The term "mineral makeup" applies to a category of face makeup, including foundation, eye shadow, blush, and bronzer, made with loose, dry mineral powders. These powders are often mixed with oil-water emulsions. Lipsticks, liquid foundations, and other liquid cosmetics, as well as compressed makeups such as eye shadow and blush in compacts, are ...
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Indigo carmine, or 5,5′-indigodisulfonic acid sodium salt, is an organic salt derived from indigo by aromatic sulfonation, which renders the compound soluble in water. Like indigo, it produces a blue color , and is used in food and other consumables , cosmetics, and as a medical contrast agent and staining agent; it also acts as a pH indicator .
Skin problems including pruritus are common in the elderly but are often inadequately addressed. [11] A literature review of studies assessing the maintenance of skin integrity in the elderly found most studies to have low levels of evidence , but the review concluded that skin-cleansing with synthetic detergents or amphoteric surfactants ...
Many users of Venetian ceruse were aware of its potential to cause adverse health side effects, however they continued to use the product regardless. [15] [20] It was not until the end of the 18th century that scientific studies officially concluded the severity of health problems caused by the presence of lead in cosmetic products. [13]