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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease resulting in damage to the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. [3] As a demyelinating disease , MS disrupts the nervous system's ability to transmit signals , resulting in a range of signs and symptoms , including physical, mental , and sometimes psychiatric problems.
It also seems that myelin basic protein (MBP) from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients contains lower levels of phosphorylation at Thr97 than normal individuals. [152] NAWM is the place where lesions appear and the process seems to be made by microglia, in absence of leukocyte infiltration, astrogliosis or demyelination.
In the PNS, myelin protein zero (MPZ or P0) has a similar role to that of PLP in the CNS in that it is involved in holding together the multiple concentric layers of glial cell membrane that constitute the myelin sheath. The primary lipid of myelin is a glycolipid called galactocerebroside. The intertwining hydrocarbon chains of sphingomyelin ...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks and destroys the myelin sheath of nerve cells. It most commonly strikes people between the ages of 20 and 40.
Myelin sheath of a healthy neuron in the central nervous system. Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS in which activated immune cells invade the central nervous system and cause inflammation, neurodegeneration, and tissue damage. The underlying cause is currently unknown.
In the second group, the myelin is inherently abnormal and undergoes degeneration. [6] The Poser criteria named this second group dysmyelinating diseases. [7] In the most well-known demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis, evidence suggests that the body's immune system plays a significant role.
A single oligodendrocyte can extend its processes to cover up to 40 axons, that can include multiple adjacent axons. [2] The myelin sheath is not continuous but is segmented along the axon's length at gaps known as the nodes of Ranvier. In the peripheral nervous system the myelination of axons is carried out by Schwann cells. [1]
The process creates a thinner myelin sheath than normal, but it helps to protect the axon from further damage, from overall degeneration, and proves to increase conductance once again. The processes underlying remyelination are under investigation in the hope of finding treatments for demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.
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