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Cerebral edema is excess accumulation of fluid (edema) in the intracellular or extracellular spaces of the brain. [1] This typically causes impaired nerve function, increased pressure within the skull, and can eventually lead to direct compression of brain tissue and blood vessels. [1] Symptoms vary based on the location and extent of edema and ...
Decompression sickness (DCS; also called divers' disease, the bends, aerobullosis, and caisson disease) is a medical condition caused by dissolved gases emerging from solution as bubbles inside the body tissues during decompression. DCS most commonly occurs during or soon after a decompression ascent from underwater diving, but can also result ...
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), also called malresorptive hydrocephalus, is a form of communicating hydrocephalus in which excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) builds up in the ventricles, leading to normal or slightly elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure. The fluid build-up causes the ventricles to enlarge and the pressure inside the head to ...
Hyponatremia. Hyponatremia or hyponatraemia is a low concentration of sodium in the blood. [4] It is generally defined as a sodium concentration of less than 135 mmol/L (135 mEq/L), with severe hyponatremia being below 120 mEq/L. [3][8] Symptoms can be absent, mild or severe. [2][9] Mild symptoms include a decreased ability to think, headaches ...
Neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is inflammation of the nervous tissue. It may be initiated in response to a variety of cues, including infection, traumatic brain injury, [1] toxic metabolites, or autoimmunity. [2] In the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain and spinal cord, microglia are the resident innate immune cells that ...
Reflex syncope. Reflex syncope is a brief loss of consciousness due to a neurologically induced drop in blood pressure and/or a decrease in heart rate. [5][6][7][8][9][10][2] Before an affected person passes out, there may be sweating, a decreased ability to see, or ringing in the ears. [1] Occasionally, the person may twitch while unconscious. [1]
Clouding of consciousness. Clouding of consciousness, also called brain fog or mental fog, [1][2] occurs when a person is slightly less wakeful or aware than normal. [3] They are less aware of time and their surroundings, and find it difficult to pay attention. [3] People describe this subjective sensation as their mind being "foggy".
Nerve compression syndrome, or compression neuropathy, or nerve entrapment syndrome, is a medical condition caused by chronic, direct pressure on a peripheral nerve. [1] It is known colloquially as a trapped nerve, though this may also refer to nerve root compression (by a herniated disc, for example). Its symptoms include pain, tingling ...