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Shoelace scheme for determining the area of a polygon with point coordinates (,),..., (,). The shoelace formula, also known as Gauss's area formula and the surveyor's formula, [1] is a mathematical algorithm to determine the area of a simple polygon whose vertices are described by their Cartesian coordinates in the plane. [2]
The radar chart is a chart and/or plot that consists of a sequence of equi-angular spokes, called radii, with each spoke representing one of the variables. The data length of a spoke is proportional to the magnitude of the variable for the data point relative to the maximum magnitude of the variable across all data points.
Noting that any identity matrix is a rotation matrix, and that matrix multiplication is associative, we may summarize all these properties by saying that the n × n rotation matrices form a group, which for n > 2 is non-abelian, called a special orthogonal group, and denoted by SO(n), SO(n,R), SO n, or SO n (R), the group of n × n rotation ...
A plot of the condition number by the shape parameter for a 15x15 radial basis function interpolation matrix using the Gaussian On the opposite side of the spectrum, the condition number of the interpolation matrix will diverge to infinity as ε → 0 {\displaystyle \varepsilon \to 0} leading to ill-conditioning of the system.
An irregular matrix, or ragged matrix, is a matrix that has a different number of elements in each row. Ragged matrices are not used in linear algebra, since standard matrix transformations cannot be performed on them, but they are useful in computing as arrays which are called jagged arrays. Irregular matrices are typically stored using Iliffe ...
An n-by-n matrix is known as a square matrix of order . Any two square matrices of the same order can be added and multiplied. Square matrices are often used to represent simple linear transformations , such as shearing or rotation .
Matrix-free conjugate gradient method has been applied in the non-linear elasto-plastic finite element solver. [7] Solving these equations requires the calculation of the Jacobian which is costly in terms of CPU time and storage. To avoid this expense, matrix-free methods are employed.
To show that ad − bc is the signed area, one may consider a matrix containing two vectors u ≡ (a, c) and v ≡ (b, d) representing the parallelogram's sides. The signed area can be expressed as |u| |v| sin θ for the angle θ between the vectors, which is simply base times height, the length of one vector times the perpendicular component ...