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SNRIs are delivered orally, usually in the form of capsules or tablets. It is recommended to take SNRIs in the morning with breakfast, which does not affect drug levels, but may help with certain side effects. [48] Norepinephrine has activating effects in the body and therefore can cause insomnia in some patients if taken at bedtime. [49]
The first commercially available selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (sNRI) was reboxetine (Edronax) and was developed as a first-line therapy for major depressive disorder. [29] The selectivity of reboxetine for the norepinephrine transporter (NET) results in benign side effect profile because the drug is well tolerated. [11]
Some antidepressants, including commonly prescribed ones from the class known as SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), can cause sexual side effects such as erectile dysfunction ...
This side effect has been particularly associated with serotonergic antidepressants like SSRIs and SNRIs, but may be less with atypical antidepressants like bupropion, agomelatine, and vortioxetine. [ 83 ] [ 85 ] [ 86 ] Higher doses of antidepressants seem to be more likely to produce emotional blunting than lower doses. [ 83 ]
For example, cocaine, which non-selectively inhibits the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, is an SRI but not an SSRI. SRIs are used predominantly as antidepressants (e.g., SSRIs, SNRIs, and TCAs), though they are also commonly used in the treatment of other psychological conditions such as anxiety disorders and eating disorders.
Also, currently available antidepressants all elicit undesirable side-effects, and new agents should be divested of the distressing side-effects of both first and second-generation antidepressants. [6] Another serious drawback of all antidepressants is the requirement for long-term administration prior to maximal therapeutic efficacy.
The pharmacology of antidepressants is not entirely clear.. The earliest and probably most widely accepted scientific theory of antidepressant action is the monoamine hypothesis (which can be traced back to the 1950s), which states that depression is due to an imbalance (most often a deficiency) of the monoamine neurotransmitters (namely serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine). [1]
This side effect has been particularly associated with serotonergic antidepressants like SSRIs and SNRIs but may be less with atypical antidepressants like bupropion, agomelatine, and vortioxetine. [ 167 ] [ 173 ] [ 176 ] [ 177 ] Higher doses of antidepressants seem to be more likely to produce emotional blunting than lower doses. [ 167 ]