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400 kW klystron used for spacecraft communication at the Canberra Deep Space Communications Complex. This is a spare in storage. 5 kW klystron tube used as power amplifier in UHF television transmitter, 1952. When installed, the tube projects through holes in the center of the cavity resonators, with the sides of the cavities making contact ...
The inductive output tube (IOT) or klystrode is a variety of linear-beam vacuum tube, similar to a klystron, used as a power amplifier for high frequency radio waves. It evolved in the 1980s to meet increasing efficiency requirements for high-power RF amplifiers in radio transmitters. [1]
There are a number of RF amplifier tubes that operate in a similar fashion to the TWT, known collectively as velocity-modulated tubes. The best known example is the klystron. All of these tubes use the same basic "bunching" of electrons to provide the amplification process, and differ largely in what process causes the velocity modulation to occur.
A gyro-klystron is an amplifier that functions analogously to a klystron tube. Has two microwave cavities along the electron beam, an input cavity upstream to which the signal to be amplified is applied and an output cavity downstream from which the output is taken. A gyro-TWT is an amplifier that functions analogously to a travelling wave tube ...
The 5836, a typical reflex klystron used as a low-power microwave source. Note the terminal on the top of the tube, used to power the repeller. Sutton tube was the name given to the first reflex klystron, developed in 1940 by Robert W. Sutton of Signal School group at the Bristol University. The Sutton tube was developed as a local oscillator ...
The klystron, a microwave tube, [20] was noticed in 1938 by Sperry Gyroscope, who gave the Varian brothers and Hansen a contract to do further work. [17] The Varians did not know that the British were also working on early radar technology, which by then could detect submarines, but could not be made light enough to use in airplanes. [10]
The advantage of this approach is that while the multi-resonator klystron is an efficient amplifier, its bandwidth is reduced as one adds additional resonators, which makes high-power klystrons have a relatively low bandwidth generally less than 10% of the design frequency. In contrast, the TWT has a wider bandwidth response but are generally ...
Two microwave cavities (left) from 1955, each attached by waveguide to a reflex klystron (right) a vacuum tube used to generate microwaves. The cavities serve as resonators (tank circuits) to determine the frequency of the oscillators