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Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), formerly known as TNF-α, is a chemical messenger produced by the immune system that induces inflammation. [5] TNF is produced primarily by activated macrophages , and induces inflammation by binding to its receptors on other cells. [ 6 ]
The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) is a protein superfamily of cytokine receptors characterized by the ability to bind tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) via an extracellular cysteine-rich domain. [2] [3] With the exception of nerve growth factor (NGF), all TNFs are homologous to the archetypal TNF-alpha. [4]
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily is a protein superfamily of type II transmembrane proteins containing TNF homology domain and forming trimers. Members of this superfamily can be released from the cell membrane by extracellular proteolytic cleavage and function as a cytokine .
Lymphotoxin alpha, a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, is a cytokine produced by lymphocytes. LT-α 1-β 2 can interact with receptors such as LT-β receptors. [12] Absence of LT-β on cell surfaces will diminish the ability of LT-α to form LT-α 1-β 2, thus decreasing its effective ability as a cytokine.
Lymphotoxin is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of cytokines, whose members are responsible for regulating the growth and function of lymphocytes and are expressed by a wide variety of cells in the body.
A TNF AcTakine was created to improve localized delivery of TNF and decrease systemic toxicity by changing its antitumor pathway to target endothelial cells. This mutated TNF cytokine was shown to only target endothelial cells of the tumor vasculature, allowing for a safe and effective delivery system.
Lymphotoxin beta is a type II membrane protein of the TNF family.It anchors lymphotoxin-alpha to the cell surface through heterotrimer formation. The predominant form on the lymphocyte surface is the lymphotoxin-alpha 1/beta 2 complex (e.g. 1 molecule alpha/2 molecules beta) and this complex is the primary ligand for the lymphotoxin-beta receptor.
B-cell activating factor (BAFF) also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13B and CD257 among other names, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF13B gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] BAFF is also known as B Lymphocyte Stimulator (BLyS) and TNF- and APOL-related leukocyte expressed ligand (TALL-1) and the Dendritic cell-derived ...