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French explorer and colonist Pierre Boucher described observing indigenous peoples making maple sugar in 1664. Maple sugar fabrication was introduced to New France by settlers of Swiss and Norman French origin during the 17th century. Their goal was the production of syrup for trade or sale, and for personal use during the cold winter months.
The bigleaf maple has the largest leaves of any maple, typically 15–30 cm (6–12 in) across with five deeply incised palmate lobes, with the largest running to 61 cm (24 in). [8] [9] The stems are 15–30 cm (6–12 in) long and contain milky sap. [6] In autumn, the leaves turn gold and yellow, contrasting against backdrops of evergreen conifers
Maple sugar – prepared from the sap of the sugar maple tree, it is a traditional sweetener in Canada and the northeastern United States. Maple sugar is what remains after the sap of the sugar maple is boiled for longer than is needed to create maple syrup or maple taffy. [2]
A sugar maple tree. Three species of maple trees are predominantly used to produce maple syrup: the sugar maple (Acer saccharum), [3] [4] the black maple (), [3] [5] and the red maple (), [3] [6] because of the high sugar content (roughly two to five per cent) in the sap of these species. [7]
The sugar maple is one of the most important Canadian trees, being, with the black maple, the major source of sap for making maple syrup. [24] Other maple species can be used as a sap source for maple syrup, but some have lower sugar content and/or produce more cloudy syrup than these two. [24] In maple syrup production from Acer saccharum, the ...
Maple sugar is what remains after the sap of the sugar maple is boiled for longer than is needed to create maple syrup or maple taffy. [10] Once almost all the water has been boiled off, all that is left is a solid sugar. [10] By composition, this sugar is about 90% sucrose, the remainder consisting of variable amounts of glucose and fructose. [11]
The tree canopy is dominated by sugar maple or black maple. Other tree species, if present, form only a small fraction of the total tree cover. In the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick, Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia, and in some New England states, many sugar bushes have a sugar shack where maple syrup can be bought or sampled. [4]
Syrup of Maidenhair – a syrup made from adiantum (maidenhair fern) [citation needed] Maple syrup – usually made from the xylem sap of sugar maple, red maple, or black maple trees, although it can also be made from other maple species. Mizuame – a Japanese glucose syrup of subtle flavor, traditionally made from rice and malt. [8]
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