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For character strings, the standard library uses the convention that strings are null-terminated: a string of n characters is represented as an array of n + 1 elements, the last of which is a "NUL character" with numeric value 0.
A basic_string is guaranteed to be specializable for any type with a char_traits struct to accompany it. As of C++11, only char, wchar_t, char16_t and char32_t specializations are required to be implemented. [16] A basic_string is also a Standard Library container, and thus the Standard Library algorithms can be applied to the code units in ...
A wide character refers to the size of the datatype in memory. It does not state how each value in a character set is defined. Those values are instead defined using character sets, with UCS and Unicode simply being two common character sets that encode more characters than an 8-bit wide numeric value (255 total) would allow.
C++11 allows raw strings, unicode strings (UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32), and wide character strings, determined by prefixes. It also adds literals for the existing C++ string, which is generally preferred to the existing C-style strings. In Tcl, brace-delimited strings are literal, while quote-delimited strings have escaping and interpolation.
However, hex escape sequences longer than two hex digits might be useful inside a wide character or wide string literal (prefixed with L): // single char with value 0x12 (18 decimal) char s1 [] = " \x12 " ; // single char with implementation-defined value, unless char is long enough char s1 [] = " \x1234 " ; // single wchar_t with value 0x1234 ...
For example, the four character string "I♥NY" is encoded in UTF-8 like this (shown as hexadecimal byte values): 49 E2 99 A5 4E 59. Of the six units in that sequence, 49, 4E, and 59 are singletons (for I, N, and Y), E2 is a lead unit and 99 and A5 are trail units. The heart symbol is represented by the combination of the lead unit and the two ...
C character classification is a group of operations in the C standard library that test a character for membership in a particular class of characters; such as alphabetic, control, etc. Both single-byte, and wide characters are supported.
Format is a function in Common Lisp that can produce formatted text using a format string similar to the print format string.It provides more functionality than print, allowing the user to output numbers in various formats (including, for instance: hex, binary, octal, roman numerals, and English), apply certain format specifiers only under certain conditions, iterate over data structures ...