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Philip II of Macedon [2] (Ancient Greek: Φίλιππος Philippos; 382 BC – October 336 BC) was the king of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia from 359 BC until his death in 336 BC. [3] He was a member of the Argead dynasty , founders of the ancient kingdom, and the father of Alexander the Great .
Under the reign of Philip II (359–336 BC), the ancient kingdom of Macedonia, initially at the periphery of classical Greek affairs, came to dominate Ancient Greece in the span of just 25 years, largely thanks to the character and policies of its king. [1]
King Philip was initially urged by Isocrates in 346 BC to unify Greece against the Persians. [8] [9] After the Battle of Chaeronea, the League of Corinth was formed and controlled by Philip. Alexander utilized his father's league when planning his pan-Hellenic invasion of Asia to expand Macedon and take revenge on the Persian Empire. [10]
This provided Philip with a base in Greece, and new, grateful allies in the Phocians. [30] Philip probably arrived in Phocis in November 339 BC, but the Battle of Chaeronea did not occur until August 338 BC. [30] During this period Philip discharged his responsibility to the Amphicytonic council by settling the situation in Amphissa.
Pausanias killed Philip at the wedding ceremony of Philip's daughter Cleopatra to Alexander I of Epirus; however, in the aftermath of the murder, whilst fleeing to the city gate in order to try to make his escape, Pausanias tripped on a vine root and was speared to death by several of Philip's bodyguards, including Attalus, son of Andromenes the Stymphaean, Leonnatus, and Perdiccas, who were ...
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Here is a look at the Duke of Edinburgh’s life and royal role: – Who was the Duke of Edinburgh? The Duke of Edinburgh – also known as Prince Philip – was married to Queen Elizabeth II.
In 344 BC, the orator Python was sent by Philip to Athens to defend Philip against the attacks of the war-party, and to propose possible changes to the peace. In response, Demosthenes delivered one of his most effective and famous speeches, the so-called Second Philippic, attacking Philip and all his works. [21]