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On freeways and highways, every one (or sometimes two) white stripes separating lanes is followed by a white shining cat's eye. On the edge of the road next to the median strip, a yellow cat's eye is placed every 10 metres (33 ft). On the road shoulders a red shining cat's eye is placed every 10 metres (33 ft).
Cat's eyes made out of metal were the earliest form of retroreflective pavement markers, and are in use in the United Kingdom and other parts of the world. They were invented in the United Kingdom in 1933 by Percy Shaw and patented in 1934 (UK patents 436,290 [ 7 ] and 457,536), [ 8 ] and the United States in 1939 (US patent 2,146,359). [ 9 ]
Today, there are more than 25 million Botts' dots in use in California, [6] though they have started falling out of favor. In 2017, Caltrans announced that it would stop using Botts' dots as the sole indicator of lane division, due to cost and worker safety, and in order to make roadways more compatible with self-driving cars.
The pavement condition index (PCI) is a numerical index between 0 and 100, which is used to indicate the general condition of a pavement section.The PCI is widely used in transportation civil engineering [1] and asset management, and many municipalities use it to measure the performance of their road infrastructure and their levels of service. [2]
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Cat's eyes of the future, Giles Chapman, The Daily Telegraph, 18 August 2007 Percy Shaw: Man with his eye on the road , Robert Colvile, The Daily Telegraph , 30 November 2007 Percy Shaw O.B.E. 15 April 1890 to 1 September 1976 , from Reflecting Roadstuds Limited