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Circumcision is a procedure that removes the foreskin from the human penis. In the most common form of the operation, the foreskin is extended with forceps, then a circumcision device may be placed, after which the foreskin is excised. Topical or locally injected anesthesia is generally used to reduce pain and physiologic stress. [1]
Circumcision of Abraham's son Isaac. Regensburg Pentateuch, Israel Museum, Jerusalem (c. 1300). The Book of Genesis explains circumcision as a covenant with God given to Abraham, [24] In Judaism it "symbolizes the promise of lineage and fruitfulness of a great nation," [25] the "seal of ownership and the guarantee of relationship between peoples and their god."
Circumcision instruments are used at the time of surgery, and the circumcision is complete at the end of the procedure. The Gomco clamp, the Mogen clamp, and Unicirc are surgical instruments. [9] Circumcision devices remain on the penis for 4 to 7 days and either spontaneously detach or are removed surgically at a subsequent visit. [10]
Penis before and after circumcision. Circumcision is the removal of the foreskin, the double-layered fold of skin, mucosal and muscular tissue at the distal end of the human penis. [33] Around half of all circumcisions worldwide are performed for reasons of preventive healthcare; half for religious or cultural reasons.
Doctors would either remove the smegma surrounding the clitoris, lacerate adhesions restricting the clitoris, or remove the clitoral hood altogether (female circumcision). [4] In the most extreme cases, doctors would perform a clitoridectomy, removing the clitoris entirely. [4] Reflex neurosis was a common diagnosis in the 19th century. [4]
Surgical methods of foreskin restoration, known as foreskin reconstruction, usually involve a method of grafting skin onto the distal portion of the penile shaft. The grafted skin is typically taken from the scrotum, which contains the same smooth muscle (known as dartos fascia) as does the skin of the penis.
Genital cutting refers to genital modification and mutilation of the human genitals using a cutting instrument. This terminology is often used in some literature specifically to avoid using the terms 'mutilation' or 'circumcision'.
Circumcised penis with frenulectomy (ventral view) (circumcision procedure at birth) Frenulectomy of the penis is a surgical procedure for cutting and removal of the penile frenulum, to correct a condition known as frenulum breve. This condition prevents the full retraction of the foreskin with or without an erection. [1]
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