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Hydrolysis (/ h aɪ ˈ d r ɒ l ɪ s ɪ s /; from Ancient Greek hydro- 'water' and lysis 'to unbind') is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. The term is used broadly for substitution , elimination , and solvation reactions in which water is the nucleophile .
In organic chemistry, the desulfonation reaction is the hydrolysis of sulfonic acids: [1] RC 6 H 4 SO 3 H + H 2 O → RC 6 H 5 + H 2 SO 4. The reaction applied to aryl and naphthylsulfonic acids. It is the reverse of sulfonation. [2] The temperature of desulfonation correlates with the ease of the sulfonation.
4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) is a derivative of pyridine with the chemical formula (CH 3) 2 NC 5 H 4 N. This white solid is of interest because it is more basic than pyridine, owing to the resonance stabilisation from the NMe 2 substituent.
Hexamethyldisiloxane can be produced by the addition of trimethylsilyl chloride to purified water: . 2 Me 3 SiCl + H 2 O → 2 HCl + O[Si(CH 3) 3] 2. It also results from the hydrolysis of silyl ethers and other silyl-protected functional groups.
Ester hydrolysis is an organic reaction which hydrolyzes an ester to a carboxylic acid or carboxylate, and an alcohol. It can be performed with acid as catalyst, or with base as reagent. It can be performed with acid as catalyst, or with base as reagent.
First phosphine imine-forming reaction is conducted involving treatment of the azide with the phosphine. The intermediate, e.g. triphenylphosphine phenylimide, is then subjected to hydrolysis to produce a phosphine oxide and an amine: R 3 P=NR' + H 2 O → R 3 P=O + R'NH 2. The overall conversion is a mild method of reducing an azide to an amine.
The Enders SAMP/RAMP hydrazone alkylation begins with the synthesis of the hydrazone from a N,N-dialkylhydrazine and a ketone or aldehyde [14]. The hydrazone is then deprotonated on the α-carbon position by a strong base, such as lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), leading to the formation of a resonance stabilized anion - an azaenolate.
Ruthenium-based reagents are rapid. [17] Typically, the ruthenium tetroxide is created in situ from ruthenium trichloride, and the oxidant NaIO 4. The turnover-limiting step of the reaction is the hydrolysis step; therefore, sulfuric acid is added to increase the rate of this step. [17] [18]