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Case detection by sputum smear microscopy; Standardized treatment regimen directly of six to nine months observed by a healthcare worker or community health worker for at least the first two months; Drug supply; A standardized recording and reporting system that allows assessment of treatment results
The primary equipment used in BAL includes a fiber-optic bronchoscope, sterile collection traps for collecting test specimens, a sterile saline source, a suction device, and suction tubing. [3] Essentially, the saline source is connected to sterile bronchoscope, as is the specimen collection trap, and then suction tubing is connected to the ...
A sputum culture is a test to detect and identify bacteria [1] or fungi that infect the lungs or breathing passages. Sputum is a thick fluid produced in the lungs and in the adjacent airways. Normally, fresh morning sample is preferred for the bacteriological examination of sputum. [ 2 ]
A review to assess the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert TB found that when used as an initial test to replace smear microscopy it had pooled sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 99% . However, when Xpert TB was used as an add-on for cases of negative smear microscopy the sensitivity was only 67% and specificity 99%. [ 9 ]
as a supply of oxygen, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, etc. Gauze sponge: to absorb blood and other fluids as well as clean wounds: Glucose monitor: to measure concentration of glucose in blood: Haemodialysis machine: to remove toxic materials from the blood that are generally removed by the kidneys; used in case of kidney failure [3] Hypodermic ...
A medical test is a medical procedure performed to detect, diagnose, or monitor diseases, disease processes, susceptibility, or to determine a course of treatment. The tests are classified by speciality field, conveying in which ward of a hospital or by which specialist doctor these tests are usually performed.
The medical history includes obtaining the symptoms of pulmonary TB: productive, prolonged cough of three or more weeks, chest pain, and hemoptysis.Systemic symptoms include low grade remittent fever, chills, night sweats, appetite loss, weight loss, easy fatiguability, and production of sputum that starts out mucoid but changes to purulent. [1]
Blood-streaked sputum –an indicator of possible inflammation of the throat (larynx and/or trachea) or bronchi; lung cancer; other bleeding erosions, ulcers, or tumors of the lower airway. Pink sputum – it indicates sputum evenly mixed with blood from alveoli and/or small peripheral bronchi as is seen in potential pulmonary edema.