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Punjabi may also be considered as a pluricentric language with more than one standard variety. [9] Map of dialects of Punjabi dialects and languages. Punjabi is a language spoken primarily in the Punjab region, which is divided between India and Pakistan. It is also spoken by Punjabi diaspora communities around the world.
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Dialects of Punjabi. Majhi (Shahmukhi: ماجھی; Gurmukhi: ਮਾਝੀ; Punjabi: [mä˦d̆.d͡ʒi˨] [1]), also known as Central Punjabi, is the most widely-spoken dialect of the Punjabi language, [2] natively spoken in the Majha region of Punjab in present-day Pakistan and India. The dialect forms the basis of Standard Punjabi.
Lahnda (/ ˈ l ɑː n d ə /; [1] لہندا, Punjabi pronunciation: [lɛ˦n.d̪äː]), also known as Lahndi or Western Punjabi, [2] is a group of north-western Indo-Aryan language varieties spoken in parts of Pakistan and India. It is defined in the ISO 639 standard as a "macrolanguage" [3] or as a "series of dialects" by other authors.
Eastern Punjabi, alongside Western Punjabi (Lahnda), makes up the two dialect groups within the Punjabi language; with the Majhi dialect, as Central Punjabi, being transitional between both and forming the basis of Standard Punjabi. It includes the dialects of Doabi, Malwai, Puadhi, and the extinct Lubanki; with Majhi being transitional between ...
Another notable difference is that where other Punjabi dialects have /l/ (ਲ) in Malwai many of those words are pronounced with an /r/ (ਰ) or [ɭ̆] (ਲ਼) instead. For example: Majhi dialect 1(ghaddi khalarna), 2 (banda khalota). Malwai dialect 1(ghaddi kharaona), 2 (banda kharota). The following peculiarities in vocabulary are also observed:
Map of dialects of Punjabi. Jhangvi (/ ˈ dʒ æ ŋ v i /; جھنگوی Jhangvi: [ˈd͡ʒàŋ.gᵊ.ʋi]), also known as Jhangli (جھنگلی), Jangli (جانگلی) or Jhangochi (جھنگوچی), is a dialect of Punjabi, that is spoken in central regions of Punjab, Pakistan. Its name is derived from Jhang, its main city. [1]
Modern Punjabi has two main varieties, Western Punjabi and Eastern Punjabi, which have many dialects and forms, altogether spoken by over 150 million people. The Majhi dialect , which is transitional between the two main varieties, has been adopted as standard Punjabi in India and Pakistan for education and mass media.