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Food safety (or food hygiene) is used as a scientific method/discipline describing handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent foodborne illness. The occurrence of two or more cases of a similar illness resulting from the ingestion of a common food is known as a food-borne disease outbreak. [ 60 ]
Between 1990 and 2000, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported 263 individual foodborne cases from 160 botulism events in the United States with a case-fatality rate of 4%. Thirty-nine percent (103 cases and 58 events) occurred in Alaska, all of which were attributable to traditional Alaskan aboriginal foods.
In 2000, typhoid fever caused an estimated 21.7 million illnesses and 217,000 deaths. [11] It occurs most often in children and young adults between 5 and 19 years old. [ 62 ] In 2013, it resulted in about 161,000 deaths – down from 181,000 in 1990. [ 19 ]
WHO issued reports indicating that vector-borne illnesses affect poor people, especially people living in areas that do not have adequate levels of sanitation, drinking water and housing. [24] It is estimated that over 80% of the world's population resides in areas under threat of at least one vector borne disease.
The CDC focuses national attention on developing and applying disease control and prevention. It especially focuses its attention on infectious disease, food borne pathogens, environmental health, occupational safety and health, health promotion, injury prevention, and educational activities designed to improve the health of United States citizens.
[2] [12] Frequent episodes of diarrhea are also a common cause of malnutrition and the most common cause in those younger than five years of age. [2] Other long term problems that can result include stunted growth and poor intellectual development.
Dietary recommendations for cancer prevention typically include weight management and eating a healthy diet, consisting mainly of "vegetables, fruit, whole grains and fish, and a reduced intake of red meat, animal fat, and refined sugar." [1] A healthy dietary pattern may lower cancer risk by 10–20%. [12]
A canning jar used by Nicolas Appert's canning factory. Shortly before the Napoleonic Wars, the French government offered a hefty cash award of 12,000 francs to any inventor who could devise a cheap and effective method of preserving large amounts of food to create well-preserved military rations for the Grande Armée.