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According to the IAU's explicit count, there are eight planets in the Solar System; four terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) and four giant planets, which can be divided further into two gas giants (Jupiter and Saturn) and two ice giants (Uranus and Neptune). When excluding the Sun, the four giant planets account for more than ...
In classical mechanics, a gravitational field is a physical quantity. [5] A gravitational field can be defined using Newton's law of universal gravitation. Determined in this way, the gravitational field g around a single particle of mass M is a vector field consisting at every point of a vector pointing directly towards the particle. The ...
Every object in a 2-body ballistic trajectory has a constant specific orbital energy equal to the sum of its specific kinetic and specific potential energy: = = =, where = is the standard gravitational parameter of the massive body with mass , and is the radial distance from its center. As an object in an escape trajectory moves outward, its ...
Gravimetry is the measurement of the strength of a gravitational field. Gravimetry may be used when either the magnitude of a gravitational field or the properties of matter responsible for its creation are of interest. The study of gravity changes belongs to geodynamics.
The effects of self-gravity have significance in the fields of astronomy, physics, seismology, geology, and oceanography. [3] [4] [5] The strength of self-gravity differs with regard to the size of an object, and the distribution of its mass. For example, unique gravitational effects are caused by the oceans on Earth [5] or the rings of Saturn. [4]
At the Earth's surface, an object whose mass is exactly one kilogram weighs approximately 9.81 newtons, the product of its mass and the gravitational field strength there. The object's weight is less on Mars , where gravity is weaker; more on Saturn , where gravity is stronger; and very small in space, far from significant sources of gravity ...
The surface gravity, g, of an astronomical object is the gravitational acceleration experienced at its surface at the equator, including the effects of rotation. The surface gravity may be thought of as the acceleration due to gravity experienced by a hypothetical test particle which is very close to the object's surface and which, in order not to disturb the system, has negligible mass.
Gravitational attraction of the proton and the electron in hydrogen atom [1] 10 −30 quectonewton (qN) 8.9 qN Weight of an electron [1] 10 −26: 16 rN Weight of a hydrogen atom [1] 10 −24 yoctonewton (yN) 5 yN Force necessary to synchronize the motion of a single trapped ion with an external signal measured in a 2010 experiment [2] [3] 10 ...