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The cognitive-affective personality system or cognitive-affective processing system (CAPS) is a contribution to the psychology of personality proposed by Walter Mischel and Yuichi Shoda in 1995. According to the cognitive-affective model, behavior is best predicted from a comprehensive understanding of the person, the situation, and the ...
According to Funder, Mischel's analysis was quite short (only 16 pages), and therefore was not comprehensive of the personality literature available at the time. [7] With a fair review of the literature, the predictability of behavior from traits may be larger than what researchers previously assumed.
Mischel maintained that behavior is shaped largely by the exigencies of a given situation and that the notion that individuals act in consistent ways across different situations, reflecting the influence of underlying personality traits, is a myth.
Mischel's work led to an important shift in social scientists' thinking about the behavioral expression of personality. But, as some have recently argued, situational strength is too often viewed as being true without treating situational strength as a theoretical construct in need of conceptual development and empirical verification.
Under the controversy of person–situation debate, situationism is the theory that changes in human behavior are factors of the situation rather than the traits a person possesses. [1] Behavior is believed to be influenced by external, situational factors rather than internal traits or motivations.
In his 1968 book Personality and Assessment, Walter Mischel asserted that personality instruments could not predict behavior with a correlation of more than 0.3. Social psychologists like Mischel argued that attitudes and behavior were not stable, but varied with the situation. Predicting behavior from personality instruments was claimed to be ...
In the studies Mischel and his colleagues conducted at Stanford University, [1] [11] in order to establish trust that the experimenter would return, at the beginning of the "marshmallow test" children first engaged in a game in which they summoned the experimenter back by ringing a bell; the actual waiting portion of the experiment did not ...
The coherence of personality: Social-cognitive bases of personality consistency, variability, and organization. NY: Guilford. Shoda, Y. (1999). A unified framework for the study of behavioral consistency: Bridging person× situation interaction and the consistency paradox. European Journal of Personality, 13(5), 361-387. Shoda, Y., & Mischel, W ...