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Cisplatin is administered intravenously as short-term infusion in normal saline for treatment of solid and haematological malignancies. It is used to treat various types of cancers, including sarcomas, some carcinomas (e.g., small cell lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and ovarian cancer), lymphomas, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, [9] and germ cell tumors.
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved durvalumab for certain types of bladder, lung, and biliary tract cancer: [6] [13] [14]. Adults with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who either have disease progression during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy or have disease progression within twelve months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum ...
Gemcitabine, sold under the brand name Gemzar, among others, [1] is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancers. [2] It is used to treat testicular cancer, [3] breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and bladder cancer. [2] [4] It is administered by intravenous infusion. [2]
Cisplatin was the first to be developed. [9] Cisplatin is particularly effective against testicular cancer; the cure rate was improved from 10% to 85%. [10] Similarly, the addition of cisplatin to adjuvant chemotherapy led to a marked increase in disease-free survival rates for patients with medulloblastoma - again, up to around 85%.
Durvalumab is FDA approved for the treatment of urothelial carcinoma and unresectable non-small cell lung cancer after chemoradiation. [ 33 ] Cosibelimab (Unloxcyt) by Checkpoint Therapeutics is a PD-L1 inhibitor developed by Dana Farber, and was approved in the United States in December 2024 for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma .
Side effects of thalidomide-induced peripheral neuropathy include sensory symptoms, possible motor impairment, and gastrointestinal and cardiovascular autonomic manifestations. The symptoms of immunomodulatory drugs may dictate whether treatment is continued or discontinued, and they can last long-term after chemotherapy completion. [3]
Electrochemotherapy is the combined treatment in which injection of a chemotherapeutic drug is followed by application of high-voltage electric pulses locally to the tumor. The treatment enables the chemotherapeutic drugs, which otherwise cannot or hardly go through the membrane of cells (such as bleomycin and cisplatin), to enter the cancer cells.
Consistency and viscosity affect the adhesion and retention property of the gel, and are important in ensuring the gel is retained at the site of application and effective delivery of the drug. [ 3 ] The ingredients in topical gel formulation can be broadly categorized into four types: gelator, solvent, drug, and excipients.