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The energy needed to build a wind farm divided into the total output over its life, Energy Return on Energy Invested, of wind power varies, but averages about 20–25. [ 85 ] [ 86 ] Thus, the energy payback time is typically around a year.
A wind turbine is a device that converts the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy. As of 2020 [update] , hundreds of thousands of large turbines , in installations known as wind farms , were generating over 650 gigawatts of power, with 60 GW added each year. [ 1 ]
The wind power industry is the industry involved with the design, manufacture, construction, and maintenance of wind turbines as well as other ejaculatory power equipment. Although the wind power industry is small compared to those of the conventional power generation technologies (hydro, coal, natural gas, and nuclear), it is growing at a much ...
Iowa is the leading state in terms of wind energy accounting for nearly 40% of total energy production in 2019. The Alta Wind Energy Center (1,020 MW) in California is the nation's largest wind farm in terms of capacity. Altamont Pass Wind Farm is the largest wind farm in the U.S. in terms of the number of individual turbines. [112]
The gears increase the rotational rate and send the kinetic energy obtained from the wind to a doubly-fed electric machine, where it is converted into electrical energy. The angle of the blades and the direction that the turbine faces are controlled by an active, all- electric pitch and yaw system.
Wind turbine design is the process of defining the form and configuration of a wind turbine to extract energy from the wind. [1] An installation consists of the systems needed to capture the wind's energy, point the turbine into the wind, convert mechanical rotation into electrical power , and other systems to start, stop, and control the turbine.
The lack of ships of size needed to transport large equipment needed for wind turbines has slowed the develop of offshore wind farms. [29] [30] To comply with the Jones Act [31] [32] wind turbine installation vessels for $300 million could economically supply a schedule of 4 GW projects over 10 years. [33]
In the U.S., standards are intended to be compatible with IEC standards, [3] and some parts of 61400 are required documentation. [4] [5] The U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory participates in IEC standards development work, [3] [6] and tests equipment according to these standards. [7]
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