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Weight mark "155 PS" on a jointed segment of 155 lb/yd (76.9 kg/m) "Pennsylvania Special" rail, the heaviest grade of rail ever mass-produced Cross-section drawing showing measurements in Imperial units for 100 lb/yd (49.6 kg/m) rail used in the United States, c. 1890s New York Central System Dudley 127 lb/yd (63.0 kg/m) rail cross section
Metric units are units based on the metre, gram or second and decimal (power of ten) multiples or sub-multiples of these. According to Schadow and McDonald, [1] metric units, in general, are those units "defined 'in the spirit' of the metric system, that emerged in late 18th century France and was rapidly adopted by scientists and engineers.
The metacentric height (GM) is a measurement of the initial static stability of a floating body. [1] It is calculated as the distance between the centre of gravity of a ship and its metacentre . A larger metacentric height implies greater initial stability against overturning.
It may be quantified in terms of an angle (angular displacement) or a distance (linear displacement). A longitudinal deformation (in the direction of the axis) is called elongation . The deflection distance of a member under a load can be calculated by integrating the function that mathematically describes the slope of the deflected shape of ...
Angular distance or angular separation is the measure of the angle between the orientation of two straight lines, rays, or vectors in three-dimensional space, or the central angle subtended by the radii through two points on a sphere.
Lightweight displacement – LWD – The weight or mass of the ship excluding cargo, fuel, ballast, stores, passengers, and crew, but with water in the boilers to steaming level. Loadline displacement – The weight or mass of the ship loaded to the load line or plimsoll mark. Deadweight tonnage (DWT) is a measure of how much weight a ship can ...
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Square, for marking and referencing 90° angles and checking if surfaces are flat and square to one another. Mitre square, for marking and referencing 45° angles, such as in woodworking for mitre joints. Spirit level, to check if a surface is level or similarly if a surface or edge is plumb (vertical). Depth gauge or height gauge.