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  2. Polymerase chain reaction optimization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction...

    Non-specific binding of degenerate primers is also common. Manipulation of annealing temperature and magnesium ion concentration may be used to increase specificity. For example, lower concentrations of magnesium or other cations may prevent non-specific primer interactions, thus enabling successful PCR. A "hot-start" polymerase enzyme whose ...

  3. Nested polymerase chain reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nested_polymerase_chain...

    This allows amplification for a low number of runs in the first round, limiting non-specific products. The second nested primer set should only amplify the intended product from the first round of amplification and not non-specific product. This allows running more total cycles while minimizing non-specific products.

  4. Hot start PCR - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_start_PCR

    Hot start PCR reduces the amount of non-specific binding through limiting reagents until the heating steps of PCR – limit the reaction early by limiting Taq DNA polymerase in a reaction. Non-specific binding often leads to primer dimers and mis-primed/false primed targets. [11] These can be rectified through modified methods such as:

  5. Primer binding site - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_binding_site

    A primer binding site is a region of a nucleotide sequence where an RNA or DNA single-stranded primer binds to start replication. The primer binding site is on one of the two complementary strands of a double-stranded nucleotide polymer, in the strand which is to be copied, or is within a single-stranded nucleotide polymer sequence. [2]

  6. Polymerase chain reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction

    A strip of eight PCR tubes, each containing a 100 μL reaction mixture Placing a strip of eight PCR tubes into a thermal cycler. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method widely used to make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample rapidly, allowing scientists to amplify a very small sample of DNA (or a part of it) sufficiently to enable detailed study.

  7. Prime editing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_editing

    During genome editing, the primer binding site allows the 3’ end of the nicked DNA strand to hybridize to the pegRNA, while the RT template serves as a template for the synthesis of edited genetic information. [1] A fusion protein consisting of a Cas9 H840A nickase fused to a Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus (M-MLV) reverse transcriptase. [1] [6 ...

  8. Sanger sequencing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanger_sequencing

    For example, chain-termination-based kits are commercially available that contain the reagents needed for sequencing, pre-aliquoted and ready to use. Limitations include non-specific binding of the primer to the DNA, affecting accurate read-out of the DNA sequence, and DNA secondary structures affecting the fidelity of the sequence.

  9. Variants of PCR - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variants_of_PCR

    Tailed-primers include non-complementary sequences at their 5' ends. A common procedure is the use of linker-primers, which ultimately place restriction sites at the ends of the PCR products, facilitating their later insertion into cloning vectors. An extension of the 'colony-PCR' method (above), is the use of vector primers.

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