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Panchayati raj (council of five officials) is the system of local self-government of villages in rural India [1] as opposed to urban and suburban municipalities. It consists of the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) through which the self-government of villages is realized. [ 2 ]
Judicial review was adopted by the constitution of India from judicial review in the United States. [70] In the Indian constitution, judicial review is dealt with in Article 13. The constitution is the supreme power of the nation, and governs all laws. According to Article 13:
Gram Panchayat (transl. 'village council') is a basic governing institution in Indian villages. It is a political institution, acting as the cabinet of a village or group of villages. The Gram Sabha works as the general body of the Gram Panchayat.
Part-IX of Indian Constitution is related to Local Government, under which Panchayat Raj was defined, then after 74th Amendment Municipal Corporation and council were included and defined by inducing Part IX-A, and in 2011, Cooperative Societies were included in Local Government by inducing Part IX-B in the Constitution.
The Panchayat raj is a political system originating from the Indian subcontinent, primarily found in India and neighboring countries Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. [1] It is one of the oldest systems of local government in the Indian subcontinent, with historical mentions dating back to around 250 CE. [ 2 ]
The Zila Panchayat or District Development Council or Zilla Parishad or District Panchayat or is the third tier of the Panchayati Raj system and functions at the district levels in all states. A Zila Parishad is an elected body representing the entire rural area of a district. A District Panchayat is headed by a President, who is an elected member.
The terms of reference given to the Commission stated that it shall examine, in the light of the experience of the past fifty years, as to how best the Constitution can respond to the changing needs of efficient, smooth and effective system of governance and socio-economic development of modern India within the framework of parliamentary democracy, and to recommend changes, if any, that are ...
The main aim of Panchayat raj system is to settle the local problems locally and to make the people politically conscious. The report of the Team for the Study of the Community Projects and National Extension Service, Chaired by Balwantrai G. Mehta in 1957 is attached here.