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Worker placing a tire in a mold before vulcanization. Vulcanization (British English: vulcanisation) is a range of processes for hardening rubbers. [1] The term originally referred exclusively to the treatment of natural rubber with sulfur, which remains the most common practice.
Silicone grease is widely used as a temporary sealant and a lubricant for interconnecting ground glass joints, as is typically used in laboratory glassware.Although silicones are normally assumed to be chemically inert, several historically significant compounds have resulted from unintended reactions with silicones.
Excessive crosslinking can convert the rubber into a hard and brittle substance (i.e. ebonite). Short crosslinks, possessing lower numbers of sulfur atoms, give the rubber better resistance to heat and weathering. Longer crosslinks, with higher numbers of sulfur atoms, give the rubber improved physical durability and tensile strength.
RTV silicone rubber can be used to cast materials including wax, gypsum, low-melt alloys/metals, and urethane, epoxy, or polyester resins (without using a release agent). A more recent innovation is the ability to 3D print RTV silicones.
Ebonite is a brand name for a material generically known as hard rubber or vulcanite, obtained via vulcanizing natural rubber for prolonged periods. Ebonite may contain from 25% to 80% sulfur and linseed oil. [1] [2] Its name comes from its intended use as an artificial substitute for ebony wood.
The length recovered after removing a load from a material just before it breaks is equal to the length recovered after removing a load just before it enters plastic deformation. The work-hardened steel bar has a large enough number of dislocations that the strain field interaction prevents all plastic deformation.
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In its uncured state, silicone rubber is a highly adhesive gel or liquid. To convert it to a solid, it must be cured, vulcanized, or catalyzed.This is normally carried out in a two-stage process at the point of manufacture into the desired shape, and then in a prolonged post-cure process.