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Amos Grunebaum (born January 27, 1950) is an American obstetrician and gynecologist.He serves as Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Zucker School of Medicine, as Professor Emeritus at the medical school Weill Cornell Medicine, [1] and as a specialist in maternal-fetal medicine and high-risk pregnancies. [2]
Postterm abdominal pregnancy extended beyond nine months, after which fetal movement ceased and the mother suffered from vaginal bleeding, but never gave birth. The patient became pregnant again and gave birth to a healthy baby girl two years later. [25] Unknown (33) Ghana 1990 2002 (12 years) Third pregnancy after two natural miscarriages.
Pregnancy itself is a factor of hypercoagulability (pregnancy-induced hypercoagulability), as a physiologically adaptive mechanism to prevent post partum bleeding. [41] However, when combined with an additional underlying hypercoagulable states, the risk of thrombosis or embolism may become substantial.
Obstetric fistulae were very common throughout the world, but since the late 19th century, the rise of gynecology developed safe practices for childbirth, including giving birth at local hospitals rather than at home, which dramatically reduced rates of obstructed labor and obstetric fistulae in Europe and North America.
Maternal health is the health of people during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.In most cases, maternal health encompasses the health care dimensions of family planning, preconception, prenatal, and postnatal care in order to ensure a positive and fulfilling experience.
The rates of maternal and infant mortality due to complications of pregnancy have decreased by over 23% since 1990, from 377,000 deaths to 293,000 deaths. Most deaths can be attributed to infection, maternal bleeding, and obstructed labor, and their incidence of mortality vary widely internationally. [ 10 ]
It is often paired with the field of obstetrics, which focuses on pregnancy and childbirth, thereby forming the combined area of obstetrics and gynaecology (OB-GYN). The term comes from Greek and means ' the science of women '. [1] [2] Its counterpart is andrology, which deals with medical issues specific to the male reproductive system. [3]
Gynecology involves the medical practices dealing with the health of women's reproductive organs (vagina, uterus, ovaries) and breasts. Midwifery and obstetrics are different but overlap in medical practice that focuses on pregnancy and labor. Midwifery emphasizes the normality of pregnancy along with the reproductive process.
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