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The history of Peru between 1821 and 1842 is the period considered by the country's official historiography as the first stage of its republican history, formally receiving the name of Foundational Period of the Republic (Spanish: Época Fundacional de la República) by historian Jorge Basadre.
Two important provisions were made during the liberal revolution against the government of General Echenique, with the aim of making all Peruvians equal before the law. One of these such provisions was the abolition of the tribute by which the indigenous population was forced to pay only for the reason of their ethnicity.
Peruvian War of Independence; Part of the Spanish American wars of independence: José de San Martín landing in Paracas in Paracas the August 20 of 1820; Proclamación de la Independencia del Perú declarated by José de San Martín in Lima the July 28 and 29 of 1821; Battle of Camino Real in Ecuador by Peruvian Army the November 9 of 1820; Battle of Junín in Junín the August 6 of 1824 and ...
Despite the fact that the country now had two presidents, Castilla issued on 5 July the historic decree abolishing the indigenous tribute, which gave his revolution a social character. Domingo Elías returned to the country, prompting the government to send troops against him and to attempt an unsuccessful defense of the plaza of Arica .
The Balconcillo mutiny (Spanish: Motín de Balconcillo) or La Victoria uprising (Spanish: Levantamiento de La Victoria) was the first coup d'état in the history of Peru, which took place on 27 February 1823, at the Balconcillo hacienda of La Victoria in Lima, in response to the failed military campaign against the Royalist forces supporting the Spanish monarchy in the south.
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The history of Peru between 1919 and 1930 corresponds to the second presidency of Augusto B. Leguía, who won the elections of 1919 but soon after took power through a coup d'état as president-elect on July 4 of the same year.
The history of Peru spans 15 millennia, [1] extending back through several stages of cultural development along the country's desert coastline and in the Andes mountains. Peru's coast was home to the Norte Chico civilization , the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the six cradles of civilization in the world.