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Male and female urinary bladders in lateral cross-section In humans, the bladder is a hollow muscular organ situated at the base of the pelvis . In gross anatomy , the bladder can be divided into a broad fundus (base), a body, an apex, and a neck. [ 5 ]
The human urinary system, also known as the urinary tract or renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites , and regulate blood pH .
The urethra of an adult human female is 3-4 cm long. [4] The female urethra is located between the bladder neck to the external urethral orifice and is behind the symphysis pubis. [4] The urethral wall is composed of an inner epithelial lining, a sub-mucosa layer containing vascular supply, a thin fascial layer, and two layers of smooth muscle. [4]
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Numerous diseases affect the urinary system including kidney stones, which are formed when materials in the urine concentrate enough to form a solid mass, urinary tract infections, which are infections of the urinary tract and can cause pain when urinating, frequent urination and even death if left untreated.
Cystoscopy is endoscopy of the urinary bladder via the urethra. It is carried out with a cystoscope. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. The cystoscope has lenses like a telescope or microscope. These lenses let the physician focus on the inner surfaces of the urinary tract.
The urethral sphincter is considered an integral part of maintaining urinary continence, and it is important to understand its role in some conditions: Stress urinary incontinence is a common problem related to the function of the urethral sphincter. Weak pelvic floor muscles, intrinsic sphincter damage, or damage to the surrounding nerves and ...
Ultrasound of the urinary tract is performed by a probe placed on the abdominal wall, called a transducer. [1] This occurs while a person is lying down. [1] It is then moved around to better visualise different parts of the urinary tract. [1] Gel is used on the abdominal wall, allowing smooth movement and improve sound conduction. [1]
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