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Hong Xiuquan [b] (1 January 1814 [a] – 1 June 1864), born Hong Huoxiu [c] and with the courtesy name Renkun, was a Chinese revolutionary and religious leader who led the Taiping Rebellion against the Qing dynasty. He established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom over large portions of southern China, with himself as its "Heavenly King".
The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, or the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace (1851–1864), was a theocratic monarchy which sought to overthrow the Qing dynasty. The Heavenly Kingdom, or Heavenly Dynasty, [1] [a] was led by Hong Xiuquan, a Hakka man from Guangzhou. Its capital was at Tianjing, present-day Nanjing.
[a] The earliest rulers in traditional Chinese historiography are of mythological origin, and followed by the Xia dynasty of highly uncertain and contested historicity. During the subsequent Shang ( c. 1600–1046 BCE ) and Zhou (1046–256 BCE) dynasties, rulers were referred to as Wang 王 , meaning king . [ 4 ]
Ling's son Ji Gui, King Jing of Zhou became king of the Zhou dynasty. The Chinese people were first divided into a caste system of four occupations. 543 BC: The Zheng prime minister Zichan established the state's first written civil code. 520 BC: Ji Gui died. He was succeeded by his son King Dao of Zhou. Dao was murdered by his brother. 519 BC
For most of its history, China was organized into various dynastic states under the rule of hereditary monarchs.Beginning with the establishment of dynastic rule by Yu the Great c. 2070 BC, [1] and ending with the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor in AD 1912, Chinese historiography came to organize itself around the succession of monarchical dynasties.
The Taiping Rebellion, also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolution, was a civil war in China between the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Hakka-led Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The conflict lasted 14 years, from its outbreak in 1850 until the fall of Taiping-controlled Nanjing —which they had renamed Tianjing "heavenly capital ...
In this article, "China" refers to the modern territories controlled by the People's Republic of China (which controls Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau) and the Republic of China (which controls Taiwan area). For more information, see Two Chinas, Political status of Taiwan, One-China policy, 1992 Consensus and One country, two systems.
Chinese Soviet Republic People's Republic of China: Ruijin 瑞金: 7 November 1931 – 10 October 1934: Establishments of the Chinese Soviet Republic Bao'an 保安: July 1936 – January 1937: From 1934 to 1936, the Long March occurred. Yan'an 延安: January 1937 – 22 September 1937: CSR dissolves in the midst of the formation of the Second ...