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Detail of the Cantiga #63 (13th century), which deals with a late 10th-century battle in San Esteban de Gormaz involving the troops of Count García and Almanzor. [1]The Reconquista (Spanish and Portuguese for ' reconquest ') [a] or the reconquest of al-Andalus [b] was a series of military and cultural campaigns that European Christian kingdoms waged against the Muslim kingdoms following the ...
The Wars of Independence in Spanish America. Willmington, SR Books, 2000. ISBN 0-8420-2469-7; Michael P. Costeloe. Response to Revolution: Imperial Spain and the Spanish American Revolutions, 1810-1840. Cambridge University Press, 1986. ISBN 978-0-521-32083-2; Jorge I. Domínguez. Insurrection or Loyalty: The Breakdown of the Spanish American ...
Callixtus II declares a crusade in Spain. [220] [186] 1123. 18 March. The First Council of the Lateran rules that the crusades to the Holy Land and the Reconquista of Spain were of equal standing, granting equal privileges. [221] 1124. Not earlier than. Historia Roderici, an early history of El Cid, is written. [222] 1125. 2 September.
It is estimated that during the period 1492–1832, a total of 1.86 million Spaniards settled in the Americas, and a further 3.5 million immigrated during the post-independence era (1850–1950); the estimate is 250,000 in the 16th century and most during the 18th century, as immigration was encouraged by the new Bourbon dynasty. [6]
A map of the Iberian Peninsula in 1492 highlighting the Crown of Castile. Events of the year 1492 in Spain included the end of the Reconquista with the fall of Granada, the Jewish Diaspora of Spain due to the Alhambra Decree, and the start of Columbus' first voyage. [1]
1492: 12 October: Spanish conquerors discover (encounter) America The Reconquista ended. Jews were expelled from Spain by the Alhambra Decree. 3 August: Columbus sets sail. 1493: Spanish colonization of the Americas began. 1494: The Treaty of Tordesillas was signed. 1499: Italian War of 1499–1504: Ferdinand allied with the French King Louis ...
The siege of Jaén was the final siege on the city during the Spanish Reconquista.The siege, was carried out from 1245 through 28 February 1246 by forces of the Crown of Castile and the Order of Santiago commanded by Ferdinand III of Castile and the Grand Master of the Order of Santiago, Pelayo Pérez Correa, against a combined defending force of the local Taifa of Jaén (جيان) and the ...
The Middle Ages in Spain are often said to end in 1492 with the final acts of the Reconquista in the capitulation of the Nasrid Emirate of Granada and the Alhambra decree ordering the expulsion of the Jews. Early modern Spain was first united as an institution in the reign of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor as Charles I of Spain.