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The contribution of the muscle to the specific heat of the body is approximately 47%, and the contribution of the fat and skin is approximately 24%. The specific heat of tissues range from ~0.7 kJ · kg−1 · °C−1 for tooth (enamel) to 4.2 kJ · kg−1 · °C−1 for eye (sclera). [13]
Quantity (common name/s) (Common) symbol/s Defining equation SI unit Dimension Temperature gradient: No standard symbol K⋅m −1: ΘL −1: Thermal conduction rate, thermal current, thermal/heat flux, thermal power transfer
The SI unit of volumetric heat capacity is joule per kelvin per cubic meter, J⋅K −1 ⋅m −3. The volumetric heat capacity can also be expressed as the specific heat capacity (heat capacity per unit of mass, in J⋅K −1 ⋅kg −1) times the density of the substance (in kg/L, or g/mL). [1] It is defined to serve as an intensive property.
Defined as 1 ⁄ 100 of the amount of energy required to warm one gram of air-free water from 0 to 100 °C at standard atmospheric pressure. [b] International Steam Table calorie (1929) ≈ 4.1868 J ≈ 0.003 9683 BTU ≈ 1.1630 × 10 −6 kW⋅h ≈ 2.6132 × 10 19 eV Defined as 1 ⁄ 860 "international" watt hours = 180 ⁄ 43 "international ...
The specific heat capacities of iron, granite, and hydrogen gas are about 449 J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1, 790 J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1, and 14300 J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1, respectively. [4] While the substance is undergoing a phase transition , such as melting or boiling, its specific heat capacity is technically undefined, because the heat goes into ...
The Rankine cycle is named after William John Macquorn Rankine, a Scottish polymath professor at Glasgow University. Heat energy is supplied to the system via a boiler where the working fluid (typically water) is converted to a high-pressure gaseous state (steam) in order to turn a turbine. After passing over the turbine the fluid is allowed to ...
Since the speed of the Earth around the Sun is about 30 km/s, a comet's speed relative to the Earth can range from 12 to 72 km/s, the latter corresponding to 2592 MJ/kg. If a comet with this speed fell to the Earth it would gain another 63 MJ/kg, yielding a total of 2655 MJ/kg with a speed of 72.9 km/s.
The "grand calorie" (also "kilocalorie", "kilogram-calorie", or "food calorie"; "kcal" or "Cal") is 1000 cal, that is, exactly 4184 J. It was originally defined so that the heat capacity of 1 kg of water would be 1 kcal/°C. With these units of heat energy, the units of heat capacity are 1 cal/°C = 4.184 J/K ; 1 kcal/°C = 4184 J/K.