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The mandate system was established by Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, drafted by the victors of World War I. The article referred to territories which after the war were no longer ruled by their previous sovereign, but their peoples were not considered "able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world".
Demanding compensation from the defeated party was a common feature of peace treaties, including the Treaty of Versailles that Germany had imposed on France in 1871. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] However, the financial terms of treaties signed during the peace conference were labelled reparations to distinguish them from punitive settlements usually known as ...
The League of Nations granted Class A mandates for the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon and British Mandate of Mesopotamia and Palestine, the latter comprising two autonomous regions: Mandate Palestine and the Emirate of Transjordan. Parts of the Ottoman Empire on the Arabian Peninsula became part of what is today Saudi Arabia and Yemen.
The reparation system was reorganized and payments reduced in the Dawes Plan and the Young Plan. Bitter resentment of the treaty powered the rise of the Nazi Party, and eventually the outbreak of a second World War. Although it is often referred to as the "Versailles Conference", only the actual signing of the treaty took place at the historic ...
The Conference formally opened on 18 January 1919 at the Quai d'Orsay in Paris. [4] [5] This date was symbolic, as it was the anniversary of the proclamation of William I as German Emperor in 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles, shortly before the end of the Siege of Paris [6] – a day itself imbued with significance in Germany, as the anniversary of the establishment of ...
The Permanent Mandates Commission (PMC) was the commission of the League of Nations responsible for oversight of mandated territories.The commission was established on 1 December 1920 and was headquartered at Geneva.
A two-party system is a political party system in which two major political parties [a] consistently dominate the political landscape. At any point in time, one of the two parties typically holds a majority in the legislature and is usually referred to as the majority or governing party while the other is the minority or opposition party.
Compensation demanded from the defeated party was a common feature of peace treaties both before and after Versailles, [61] [62] and was explicitly permitted under the 1907 Hague Convention. [63] The financial burden of the Treaty of Versailles was labelled "reparations", which distinguished them from punitive settlements usually known as ...