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Vomiting (the expulsion of gastric contents) is usually preceded by retching, but retching and vomiting can occur separately [6] and involve different sets of muscles. [7] During a retch, thoracic pressure is decreased and abdominal pressure is increased , which may serve to position gastric contents and overcome esophageal resistance. [ 6 ]
The vomiting act has two phases. In the retching phase, the abdominal muscles undergo a few rounds of coordinated contractions together with the diaphragm and the muscles used in respiratory inspiration. For this reason, an individual may confuse this phase with an episode of violent hiccups. In this retching phase, nothing has yet been expelled.
There is no retching, nausea, heartburn, odour, or abdominal pain associated with the regurgitation as there is with typical vomiting, and the regurgitated food is undigested. The disorder has been historically documented as affecting only infants, young children, and people with cognitive disabilities (the prevalence is as high as 10% in ...
The same child may have brief or prolonged seizures and autonomic manifestations may be severe or inconspicuous. The full emetic triad (nausea, retching, vomiting) culminates in vomiting in 74% of the seizures; in others only nausea or retching occur, and in a few, none of the emetic symptoms are apparent. [citation needed]
Vomiting is a common condition affecting about 50% of pregnant women, with another 25% having nausea. [48] However, the incidence of HG is only 0.3–1.5%. [ 4 ] After preterm labor, hyperemesis gravidarum is the second most common reason for hospital admission during the first half of pregnancy. [ 16 ]
Vomiting is characterized by retching and forceful evacuation of gastric contents from the stomach up to and out of the mouth. Some patients may experience retching without gastric contents being expelled. [10] Postprandial fullness is an unpleasant feeling of stomach fullness that occurs after eating.
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Esophageal rupture, in Boerhaave syndrome, is thought to be the result of a sudden rise in internal esophageal pressure produced during vomiting, as a result of neuromuscular incoordination causing failure of the cricopharyngeus muscle (a sphincter within the pharynx) to relax. As the intra-oesophageal pressure increases, the bolus within the ...