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A democracy is a political system, or a system of decision-making within an institution, organization, or state, in which members have a share of power. [2] Modern democracies are characterized by two capabilities of their citizens that differentiate them fundamentally from earlier forms of government: to intervene in society and have their sovereign (e.g., their representatives) held ...
Over 50% of the world's borders today were drawn as a result of British and French imperialism. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] An unambiguous measure is the date of national constitutions ; but as constitutions are an almost entirely modern concept, all formation dates by that criterion are modern or early modern (the oldest extant constitution being that ...
This article contains a list of the oldest existing social institutions in continuous operation, by year of foundation, in the world.Inclusion in this list is determined by the date at which the entity met the traditional definition of an institution – may it be public, political, religious or educational – although it may have existed as a different kind of institution before that time.
After a period of sustained expansion throughout the 20th century, liberal democracy became the predominant political system in the world. A liberal democracy may take various constitutional forms: it may be a republic , such as Estonia , Ireland , Germany , and Greece ; or a constitutional monarchy , such as the United Kingdom , Japan or Spain .
This is a list of countries by date of their last transition from a monarchy to a republican form of government. There were two periods in recent history when many such transitions took place: during or within five years after World War I (1914–1923) – marked in green; during or within five years after World War II (1939–1950) – marked ...
The oldest continuous parliament is the Tynwald of the Isle of Man. Its exact formation date is generally believed to be 979 but some sources suggest that its origins lie in the early 9th century, which would predate even the Althing. [1]
The longest-serving male president ever was Malietoa Tanumafili II of Samoa, who held the office of O le Ao o le Malo for a special lifetime term (in derogation from the normal term length of five years), for 45 years and 130 days overall; first alongside Tupua Tamasese Meaʻole from 1962 to 1963 and then as sole head of state from 1963 to 2007.
Also relevant to the history of direct democracy is the history of Ancient Rome, specifically during the Roman Republic, traditionally founded around 509 BC. [15] Rome displayed many aspects of democracy, both direct and indirect, from the era of Roman monarchy all the way to the collapse of the Roman Empire.