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Longitudinal – spanning the length of a body. Lateral – spanning the width of a body. The distinction between width and length may be unclear out of context. Adjacent – next to; Lineal – following along a given path. The shape of the path is not necessarily straight (compare to linear).
An aircraft in flight is free to rotate in three dimensions: yaw, nose left or right about an axis running up and down; pitch, nose up or down about an axis running from wing to wing; and roll, rotation about an axis running from nose to tail. The axes are alternatively designated as vertical, lateral (or transverse), and longitudinal respectively.
Bank angle μ: represents a rotation of the lift force around the velocity vector, which may indicate whether the airplane is turning. When performing the rotations described above to obtain the body frame from the Earth frame, there is this analogy between angles: σ, ψ (heading vs yaw) γ, θ (Flight path vs pitch) μ, φ (Bank vs Roll)
In continuum mechanics, lateral strain, also known as transverse strain, is defined as the ratio of the change in diameter of a circular bar of a material to its diameter due to deformation in the longitudinal direction.
Location of flight controls in a helicopter. Helicopter flight controls are used to achieve and maintain controlled aerodynamic helicopter flight. [1] Changes to the aircraft flight control system transmit mechanically to the rotor, producing aerodynamic effects on the rotor blades that make the helicopter move in a desired way.
Deflection (f) in engineering. In structural engineering, deflection is the degree to which a part of a long structural element (such as beam) is deformed laterally (in the direction transverse to its longitudinal axis) under a load.
Stress has dimension of force per area, with SI units of newtons per square meter (N/m 2) or pascal (Pa). [1] Stress expresses the internal forces that neighbouring particles of a continuous material exert on each other, while strain is the measure of the relative deformation of the material. [3]
Whenever the vehicle changes either direction or speed, the occupants feel lateral (side to side) or longitudinal (forward and backwards) forces produced by the mechanical push of their seats. The expression "1 g = 9.806 65 m/s 2 " means that for every second that elapses, velocity changes 9.806 65 metres per second (35.303 94 km/h).