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Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a condition in which there is compression of the nerves, arteries, or veins in the superior thoracic aperture, the passageway from the lower neck to the armpit, also known as the thoracic outlet. [1] There are three main types: neurogenic, venous, and arterial. [1]
Thrombolysis is typically performed prior to first rib resection for venous thoracic outlet syndrome. First rib resection is indicated for venous , arterial , and neurogenic TOS. [ 1 ] In all cases, the goal of the operation is to increase the dynamic space between the chest wall and the clavicle , through which the subclavian vein, artery, and ...
The excess pressure of thoracic outlet syndrome may be reduced by rib removal. [1] Major surgery to the thoracic cavity, such as open heart surgery , may require removal of ribs to allow access to the organ being operated on.
Another randomized study compared surgery to sham surgery. 57% of the surgery group experienced complete elimination of migraine headaches, compared on only 4% of the sham surgery group. [33] A separate study examining outcomes found that there was a bimodal distribution (two main outcomes), where approximately >80% of patients saw either at ...
Nerve compression syndrome, or compression neuropathy, or nerve entrapment syndrome, is a medical condition caused by chronic, direct pressure on a peripheral nerve. [1] It is known colloquially as a trapped nerve, though this may also refer to nerve root compression (by a herniated disc, for example).
Angioplasty is occasionally used to treat residual subclavian vein stenosis following decompression surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome. [14] There is a weak recommendation for deep venous stenting to treat obstructive chronic venous disease. [15]
Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) is a surgical procedure in which a portion of the sympathetic nerve trunk in the thoracic region is destroyed. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] ETS is used to treat excessive sweating in certain parts of the body ( focal hyperhidrosis ), facial flushing , Raynaud's disease and reflex sympathetic dystrophy .
A thoracotomy is a surgical procedure to gain access into the pleural space of the chest. [1] It is performed by surgeons (emergency physicians or paramedics under certain circumstances) to gain access to the thoracic organs, most commonly the heart, the lungs, or the esophagus, or for access to the thoracic aorta or the anterior spine (the latter may be necessary to access tumors in the spine).