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The open-circuit voltage is 1.55 V, the average voltage during discharge is 1.25 V. [9] While the energy density is only around one third as that of a lithium battery, the distinctive virtue of the nickel–hydrogen battery is its long life: the cells handle more than 20,000 charge cycles [4] with 85% energy efficiency and 100% faradaic efficiency.
Most manufacturers claim that overcharging is safe at very low currents, below 0.1 C (C/10) (where C is the current equivalent to the capacity of the battery divided by one hour). [23] The Panasonic NiMH charging manual warns that overcharging for long enough can damage a battery and suggests limiting the total charging time to 10–20 hours. [22]
1.45–1.65 [5] 1.59 (442) [5] 6.02 (1,673) [5] 100 [5] 2.18 (460) [5] 60–70 [5] 0.17 [5] 3 [5] Mercury oxide–zinc: Mercuric oxide Mercury cell NaOH/ KOH Mercuric oxide: No 1942– [6] 1996 [7] 0.9 [8] 1.35 [8] 0.36–0.44 (99–123) [8] 1.1–1.8 (300–500) [8] 2 [6] Alkaline: Zn/ MnO 2 LR KOH Manganese (IV) oxide: No 1949 [9] 0.9 [10] 1. ...
Panasonic's fourth-generation Eneloop batteries, in AA and AAA sizes Panasonic Eneloop Smart & Quick Charger BQ-CC55 Sanyo Eneloop battery charger. Eneloop (Japanese: エネループ, Hepburn: Enerūpu), stylized as eneloop, is a brand of 1.2-volt low self-discharge nickel–metal hydride (NiMH) rechargeable batteries and accessories developed by Sanyo [1] and introduced in 2005.
The full battery designation identifies not only the size, shape and terminal layout of the battery but also the chemistry (and therefore the voltage per cell) and the number of cells in the battery. For example, a CR123 battery is always LiMnO 2 ('Lithium') chemistry, in addition to its unique size.
Nickel–zinc batteries have a charge–discharge curve similar to 1.2 V NiCd or NiMH cells, but with a higher 1.6 V nominal voltage. [5]Nickel–zinc batteries perform well in high-drain applications, and may have the potential to replace lead–acid batteries because of their higher energy-to-mass ratio and higher power-to-mass ratio – as little as 25% of the mass for the same power. [6]
The 1999 GM EV1 production vehicle, powered by nickel metal hydride batteries, had a 26.4 kWh battery and an EPA range of 105 miles. [9] [10] [note 1] The 2011 Nissan Leaf production vehicle had a 24 kWh battery and an EPA range of 84 miles. [11]
The nine-volt battery, or 9-volt battery, is an electric battery that supplies a nominal voltage of 9 volts. Actual voltage measures 7.2 to 9.6 volts, depending on battery chemistry. Batteries of various sizes and capacities are manufactured; a very common size is known as PP3, introduced for early transistor radios. The PP3 has a rectangular ...