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Modern NiMH cells were based on this design. [10] The first consumer-grade NiMH cells became commercially available in 1989. [11] In 1998, Stanford Ovshinsky at Ovonic Battery Co., which had been working on MH-NiOOH batteries since mid-1980, [12] improved the Ti–Ni alloy structure and composition and patented its innovations. [13]
10 [14] Nickel–hydrogen: NiH 2 Ni-H 2: Hydrogen: KOH Yes 1975 [30] 1.0 [31] 1.55 [29] 0.16–0.23 (45–65) [29] 0.22 (60) [32] 150–200 [29] 5 [32] Nickel–metal hydride: NiMH Ni-MH Metal hydride: KOH Yes 1990 [1] 0.9–1.05 [27] 1.2 [11] 1.3 [27] 0.36 (100) [11] 1.44 (401) [33] 250–1,000 2.56 (390) [1] 30 [34] Low self-discharge nickel ...
Panasonic's fourth-generation Eneloop batteries, in AA and AAA sizes Panasonic Eneloop Smart & Quick Charger BQ-CC55 Sanyo Eneloop battery charger. Eneloop (Japanese: エネループ, Hepburn: Enerūpu), stylized as eneloop, is a brand of 1.2-volt low self-discharge nickel–metal hydride (NiMH) rechargeable batteries and accessories developed by Sanyo [1] and introduced in 2005.
A nickel–hydrogen battery (NiH 2 or Ni–H 2) is a rechargeable electrochemical power source based on nickel and hydrogen. [5] It differs from a nickel–metal hydride (NiMH) battery by the use of hydrogen in gaseous form, stored in a pressurized cell at up to 1200 psi (82.7 bar ) pressure. [ 6 ]
0.4: 3.2: battery, Nickel–metal hydride (NiMH), low power design as used in consumer batteries [29] 0.4: 1.55: Liquid Nitrogen: 0.349: Water – Enthalpy of Fusion: 0.334: 0.334: battery, Zinc–Bromine flow (ZnBr) [30] 0.27: battery, Nickel–metal hydride (NiMH), High-Power design as used in cars [31] 0.250: 0.493: battery, Nickel–Cadmium ...
Nickel–zinc batteries have a charge–discharge curve similar to 1.2 V NiCd or NiMH cells, but with a higher 1.6 V nominal voltage. [5]Nickel–zinc batteries perform well in high-drain applications, and may have the potential to replace lead–acid batteries because of their higher energy-to-mass ratio and higher power-to-mass ratio – as little as 25% of the mass for the same power. [6]
The full battery designation identifies not only the size, shape and terminal layout of the battery but also the chemistry (and therefore the voltage per cell) and the number of cells in the battery. For example, a CR123 battery is always LiMnO 2 ('Lithium') chemistry, in addition to its unique size.
The 1999 GM EV1 production vehicle, powered by nickel metal hydride batteries, had a 26.4 kWh battery and an EPA range of 105 miles. [9] [10] [note 1] The 2011 Nissan Leaf production vehicle had a 24 kWh battery and an EPA range of 84 miles. [11]