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A postpartum disorder or puerperal disorder is a disease or condition which presents primarily during the days and weeks after childbirth called the postpartum period.The postpartum period can be divided into three distinct stages: the initial or acute phase, 6–12 hours after childbirth; subacute postpartum period, which lasts two to six weeks, and the delayed postpartum period, which can ...
It progresses through three stages: [6] Lochia rubra (or cruenta) is the first discharge, composed of blood, shreds of fetal membranes, decidua, vernix caseosa, lanugo and membranes. It is red in color because of the large amount of blood it contains. It lasts 1 to 4 days after birth, before easing to light "spotting". [7] [unreliable source?]
Afterwards, the endocrine system shifts from producing hormones that prevent lactation to ones that trigger milk production. [3] The first secretions are known as colostrum and are rich in substances that help the newborn adjust to life outside the womb. About two to five days after the birth the breasts begin to produce milk.
The first 6 to 12 hours after childbirth is the initial or acute phase of the postpartum period. [10] During this time the mother is typically monitored by nurses or midwives as complications can arise. The greatest health risk in the acute phase is postpartum bleeding. Following delivery the area where the placenta was attached to the uterine ...
The cause is unknown, and markers are being sought to predict its development from the earliest stages of pregnancy. [60] Some unknown factors cause vascular damage in the endothelium, causing hypertension. [61] If severe, it progresses to eclampsia, where seizures occur, which can be fatal. [62]
The amount of weight gain can vary from 5 pounds (2.3 kg) to over 100 pounds (45 kg). In the United States, the range of weight gain that doctors generally recommend is 25 pounds (11 kg) to 35 pounds (16 kg), less if the woman is overweight, more (up to 40 pounds (18 kg)) if the woman is underweight.
The next step in cancer immunoediting is the equilibrium phase, during which tumor cells that have escaped the elimination phase and have a non-immunogenic phenotype are selected for growth. Lymphocytes and IFN-gamma exert a selection pressure on tumor cells which are genetically unstable and rapidly mutating.
The uterine height is greater than the normal for the particular day of puerperium. Normal puerperal uterus may be displaced by a full bladder or a loaded rectum. It feels boggy and softer upon palpation. The presence of features responsible for subinvolution may be evident.