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Leaders of both groups viewed this as an auspicious time to merge the two organizations, so, in 1937, the Birth Control Council of America, under the leadership of Sanger, was formed to effect a consolidation. [140] The effort eventually led to the merger of the two organizations in 1939 as the Birth Control Federation of America (BCFA). [141]
As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. [20] The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London. [21]
Here as well, the publicity surrounding the arrest, trial, and appeal sparked birth control activism across the United States, and earned the support of numerous donors, who would provide her with funding and support for future endeavors. [48] She went on to found the first birth control league in America in 1921.
The American Birth Control League (ABCL) was founded by Margaret Sanger in 1921 at the First American Birth Control Conference in New York City. [1] The organization promoted the founding of birth control clinics and encouraged women to control their own fertility. [1] In 1942, the league became the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. [1]
African Americans', or Black Americans', access and use of birth control are central to many social, political, cultural and economic issues in the United States.Birth control policies in place during American slavery and the Jim Crow era highly influenced Black attitudes toward reproductive management methods.
The Clinical Research Bureau was the first legal birth control clinic in the United States, and quickly grew into the leading contraceptive research center in the world. [1] The CRB operated under numerous names and parent organizations from 1923 to 1974, providing birth control and infertility clinical services to thousands of patients, and ...
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Dr. Hannah Stone, at one of Sanger's clinics, ordered a new type of diaphragm (a pessary) from a Japanese physician to be shipped from Tokyo to the United States. [1] Upon arrival in the United States the shipment was seized and confiscated under the Tariff Act of 1930, which had incorporated the anti-contraceptive provisions of the Comstock Act.