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Obstructive salivary gland disease, or obstructive sialadenitis, may also occur due to fibromucinous plugs, duct stenosis, foreign bodies, anatomic variations, or malformations of the duct system leading to a mechanical obstruction associated with stasis of saliva in the duct. [2] Salivary stones may be divided according to which gland they ...
A sialolithiasis is a salivary stone that may cause blockage of the ducts, most commonly the submandibular ducts, causing pain and swelling of the gland. [33] Salivary gland dysfunction is either a reduced (hyposalivation), or an increased (hypersalivation) production of saliva.
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1990: Konigsberger and Gundlach separately performed sialoendoscopy when they introduced an endoscope into the major salivary glands. [3] [4] 1991, Katz introduced a 0.8-millimeter flexible endoscope to diagnose and treat salivary gland stones. [5] 1994, Nahlieli used a rigid miniendoscope to diagnose and treat major salivary gland obstructions ...
Salivary gland dysfunction affects the flow, amount, or quality of saliva produced. A reduced salivation is termed hyposalivation . Hyposalivation often results in a dry mouth condition called xerostomia , and this can cause tooth decay due to the loss of the protective properties of saliva.
Salivary stones (sialolith) may be evident with cystic dilation of the salivary ducts and periductal fibrosis. Mucus extravasation may also be observed. Common observations of chronic sialadenitis include chronic inflammatory infiltrate (lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages), fibrosis, acinar atrophy, and mucous cell metaplasia of the ...
Stones may be removed by manipulation in the doctor's office, or, in the worst cases, by surgery. Lithotripsy, also known as "shock wave" treatment, is best known for its use breaking up kidney stones. Lithotripsy can now be used on salivary stones as well. Ultrasound waves break up the stones, and the fragments flush out of the salivary duct. [7]
Local conditions at the site in question that promote their formation, e.g., local bacteria action (in kidney stones) or slower fluid flow rates, a possible explanation of the majority of salivary duct calculus occurring in the submandibular salivary gland.