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Artificial tears are lubricating eye drops used to relieve dryness and irritation of the ocular surface. [1] Dry eye syndrome ( keratoconjunctivitis sicca ) is a common ocular surface disorder and is characterized by disruption of the tear film and increased inflammation .
[5] [12] To keep the specific drug in the therapeutic window using eye drops the topical must be applied approximately every 30 minutes in order to be fully effective. [ 5 ] [ 12 ] Having to apply eye drops every 30 minutes would be nearly impossible for anyone and is not the ideal mechanism by which to deliver such drugs to the eye.
There is a wide variety of artificial tear eye drops that provide different surface healing strategies. One can find bicarbonate ions, hypotonicity, high viscosity gels and ointments, and non-preserved types. They all act differently and therefore, one may have to try different artificial tears to find the one that works the best. [3]
When applied to the surface of the eye, side effects may include a brief period of blurry vision and discoloration of contact lenses of the soft type. [ 7 ] [ 3 ] When used by mouth or injection, side effects may include headache, nausea, and a change to the color of the skin for a brief period of time. [ 3 ]
The CDC identified eye drop brands sold in Texas contaminated with “extensively drug-resistant” bacteria. If you own one of these brands, stop using them. Eye drop brands recalled due to ...
Unfortunately many in common use have problems. Petroleum gel is flammable and is best avoided when electrocautery and open oxygen are to be used around the face. Preservative-free eye ointment is preferred, as preservative can cause corneal epithelial sloughing and conjunctival hyperemia. [9]
Intraocular, into the eye, e.g., some medications for glaucoma or eye neoplasms. Intraosseous infusion (into the bone marrow) is, in effect, an indirect intravenous access because the bone marrow drains directly into the venous system. This route is occasionally used for drugs and fluids in emergency medicine and pediatrics when intravenous ...
Consistency and viscosity affect the adhesion and retention property of the gel, and are important in ensuring the gel is retained at the site of application and effective delivery of the drug. [ 3 ] The ingredients in topical gel formulation can be broadly categorized into four types: gelator, solvent, drug, and excipients.
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