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The swelling of the vocal folds cause ballooned-like appearance, known as a polyp. The polyps of Reinke's edema are usually benign, however, there may be a risk of cancer if the patient is a smoker. Additionally, if the edema becomes too severe, patients may experience difficulty breathing due to airway obstruction. [2] [12]
Levey is known for developing the most widely used equations to estimate GFR (renal function) globally.He pioneered work with the MDRD Study Equation, [1] led the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI), which pooled measured kidney function CKD data from studies all over the world to develop equations to estimate kidney function from serum creatinine, cystatin C, and ...
All people with a GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 for 3 months are defined as having chronic kidney disease. [59] Protein in the urine is regarded as an independent marker for worsening of kidney function and cardiovascular disease. Hence, British guidelines append the letter "P" to the stage of chronic kidney disease if protein loss is significant. [60]
Type 2 (chronic CRS) Chronic abnormalities in heart function: progressive chronic kidney disease: chronic heart failure: Type 3 (acute renocardiac syndrome) Abrupt worsening of kidney function: acute cardiac disorder (e.g. heart failure, abnormal heart rhythm, or pulmonary edema) acute kidney failure or glomerulonephritis: Type 4 (chronic ...
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1D CMT1E Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1E CMT1F Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1F CMT1X Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1X CMT2 Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2 COFS Cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome: COLD Chronic obstructive lung disease: COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD–MBD) is one of the many complications associated with chronic kidney disease. It represents a systemic disorder of mineral and bone metabolism due to CKD manifested by either one or a combination of the following: [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
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Classically, DDS arises in individuals starting hemodialysis due to end-stage chronic kidney disease and is associated, in particular, with "aggressive" (high solute removal) dialysis. [3] However, it may also arise in fast onset, i.e. acute kidney failure in certain conditions.