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Diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) is one of the four recognized symptom types of shellfish poisoning, alongside paralytic shellfish poisoning, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning and amnesic shellfish poisoning. [citation needed] As the name suggests, it mainly manifests as diarrhea. Abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting may also occur. [citation ...
The first cases of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) due to D. acuta were recorded in 1972 in Peru, but were reported to the scientific community only in 1991. [8] It is a mildest form of seafood poisoning, indicated by severe diarrhoea. [1]
Shellfish poisoning includes four syndromes that share some common features and are primarily associated with bivalve molluscs (such as mussels, clams, oysters and scallops.) [1] As filter feeders, these shellfish may accumulate toxins produced by microscopic organisms, such as cyanobacteria, diatoms and dinoflagellates.
These shellfish are filter feeders and accumulate neurotoxins, chiefly saxitoxin, produced by microscopic algae, such as dinoflagellates, diatoms, and cyanobacteria. [1] Dinoflagellates of the genus Alexandrium are the most numerous and widespread saxitoxin producers and are responsible for PSP blooms in subarctic, temperate, and tropical ...
The main cause of DSP, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, outbreaks in waters along Europe has been due to this species[3]. Likewise, the close knit sisters of Dinophysis acuminata called Dinophysis norvegica , a photosynthetic organism with yellow chloroplast and posterior nucleus, Dinophysis acuta , and Dinophysis fortii have also been known to ...
Shellfish like clams, mussels and oysters can be harvested from waters contaminated by leaking septic systems, or by sick people who swim in the water. Fruits and veggies grown in fields may get ...
Dinophysis have cryptophyte-like pigments and at least seven species of Dinophysis contain diarrheic shellfish toxins. [6] Toxic Dinophysis produce okadaic acid, dinophysistoxins, and pectenotoxins, which inhibit protein phosphatase and produce diarrhea. [6] The more dominant the okadates are, the higher the impact on public health. [6]
The shellfish were distributed to restaurants and retailers in Arizona, California, Florida, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, and Washington, according to the Food and Drug Administration.