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Kundt's tube is an experimental acoustical apparatus invented in 1866 by German physicist August Kundt [1] [2] for the measurement of the speed of sound in a gas or a solid rod. The experiment is still taught today due to its ability to demonstrate longitudinal waves in a gas (which can often be difficult to visualise).
The Geiger–Müller tube or G–M tube is the sensing element of the Geiger counter instrument used for the detection of ionizing radiation. It is named after Hans Geiger , who invented the principle in 1908, [ 1 ] and Walther Müller , who collaborated with Geiger in developing the technique further in 1928 to produce a practical tube that ...
Drawing of Geissler tubes illuminated by their own light, from 1868 French physics book, showing some of the many decorative shapes and colors Modern recreation of a Geissler tube in a museum A Geissler tube is a precursor to modern gas discharge tubes , demonstrating the principles of electrical glow discharge , akin to contemporary neon ...
The simplest klystron tube is the two-cavity klystron. In this tube there are two microwave cavity resonators, the "catcher" and the "buncher". When used as an amplifier, the weak microwave signal to be amplified is applied to the buncher cavity through a coaxial cable or waveguide, and the amplified signal is extracted from the catcher cavity.
The cavity magnetron is a high-power vacuum tube used in early radar systems and subsequently in microwave ovens and in linear particle accelerators. A cavity magnetron generates microwaves using the interaction of a stream of electrons with a magnetic field , while moving past a series of cavity resonators , which are small, open cavities in a ...
High-power 140 GHz gyrotron for plasma heating in the Wendelstein 7-X fusion experiment, Germany.. A gyrotron is a class of high-power linear-beam vacuum tubes that generates millimeter-wave electromagnetic waves by the cyclotron resonance of electrons in a strong magnetic field.
A phototube or photoelectric cell is a type of gas-filled or vacuum tube that is sensitive to light. Such a tube is more correctly called a 'photoemissive cell' to distinguish it from photovoltaic or photoconductive cells. Phototubes were previously more widely used but are now replaced in many applications by solid state photodetectors.
Karl Ferdinand Braun (/ ˈ b r aʊ n /, BROWN; German: [ˈfɛʁdinant ˈbʁaʊn] ⓘ; 6 June 1850 – 20 April 1918) was a German electrical engineer, physicist and inventor. Braun contributed significantly to the development of radio when he invented the phased array antenna in 1905, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] which led to the development of radar , smart ...