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The English word fungus is directly adopted from the Latin fungus (mushroom), used in the writings of Horace and Pliny. [10] This in turn is derived from the Greek word sphongos (σφόγγος 'sponge'), which refers to the macroscopic structures and morphology of mushrooms and molds; [11] the root is also used in other languages, such as the German Schwamm ('sponge') and Schimmel ('mold').
Some fungi, types of polypores loosely called mushrooms, have been used as fire starters (known as tinder fungi). Mushrooms and other fungi play a role in the development of new biological remediation techniques (e.g., using mycorrhizae to spur plant growth) and filtration technologies (e.g. using fungi to lower bacterial levels in contaminated ...
The discipline of biology devoted to the study of fungi is known as mycology or fungal biology, which is historically regarded as a branch of botany, even though genetic studies have shown that fungi are more closely related to animals than to plants. Fungi reproduce via spores and grow as hyphae, mycelia, and further
Jack-O'lantern mushroom illudin S [33] [34] Europe Cantharellus spp. Omphalotus olivascens: Western jack-o'-lantern mushroom illudin S [35] America Cantharellus spp. Paralepistopsis acromelalga: acromelic acid: Japan Paralepista flaccida. Paralepista gilva. Paralepistopsis amoenolens: Paralysis funnel acromelic acid: North Africa and Europe ...
Although many people have a fear of mushroom poisoning by "toadstools", only a small number of the many macroscopic fruiting bodies commonly known as mushrooms and toadstools have proven fatal to humans. This list is not exhaustive and does not contain many fungi that, although not deadly, are still harmful.
He is most famous for his Sylloge Fungorum, [5] which was a comprehensive list of all of the names that had been used for mushrooms. Sylloge is still the only work of this kind that was both comprehensive for the botanical kingdom Fungi and reasonably modern. [6] Many fungi produce toxins, [7] antibiotics, [8] and other secondary metabolites.
Homobasidiomycetes (alternatively called holobasidiomycetes), including true mushrooms; Heterobasidiomycetes, including the jelly, rust and smut fungi; Nonetheless these former concepts continue to be used as two types of growth habit groupings, the "mushrooms" (e.g. Schizophyllum commune) and the non-mushrooms (e.g. Mycosarcoma maydis). [3]
Rare in the fossil record are the homobasidiomycetes (a taxon roughly equivalent to the mushroom-producing species of the agaricomycetes). Two amber-preserved specimens provide evidence that the earliest known mushroom-forming fungi (the extinct species Archaeomarasmius legletti) appeared during the mid-Cretaceous, 90 Ma. [31] [32]
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